In 1942, the Supreme Court held that Congress could regulate wheat grown for home consumption as part of a general regulation of farm
production.
People who grew wheat at home substituted it for wheat products they would otherwise purchase in the market; cumulatively, this practice had a
substantial effect on interstate farm prices.
Similarly, in 2005, in Gonzales v. Raich, the Court held that Congress could regulate marijuana grown for home consumption as part of a general ban on
controlled substances, because Congress reasonably concluded that people would substitute homegrown marijuana for other marijuana purchased in black
markets.
The individual mandate taxes people who do not buy health insurance. Critics charge that these people are not engaged in any activity that Congress
might regulate; they are simply doing nothing. This is not the case. Such people actually self-insure through various means. When uninsured people get
sick, they rely on their families for financial support, go to emergency rooms (often passing costs on to others), or purchase over-the-counter
remedies. They substitute these activities for paying premiums to health insurance companies.
All these activities are economic, and they have a cumulative effect on interstate commerce. Moreover, like people who substitute homegrown marijuana
or wheat for purchased crops, the cumulative effect of uninsured people’s behavior undermines Congress’s regulation — in this case, its
regulation of health insurance markets. Because Congress believes that national health care reform won’t succeed unless these people are brought
into national risk pools, it can regulate their activities in order to make its general regulation of health insurance effective.
One final argument against the individual mandate is that it violates the Fifth Amendment by allowing the government to take property without just
compensation. “Takings” occur when the government seizes property from particular individuals; a familiar example is a local government’s taking
of land by eminent domain. Ordinary income taxes and excise taxes that are levied on a large population and that regulate people’s behavior by
taxing their income or consumption choices are not considered takings under the Constitution.
The individual mandate is just such a tax — not a taking. Although opponents will challenge the individual mandate in court, constitutional
challenges are unlikely to succeed. The Supreme Court will probably not even consider the issue unless a federal court of appeals strikes the tax
down. In that unlikely event, the Supreme Court will almost certainly uphold the tax, at least if it follows existing law.
To strike down the individual mandate, it would have to reject decades of precedents. It is very unlikely that there are five votes on the current
Court for staging such a constitutional revolution.
Financial and other disclosures provided by the author are available with the full text of this article at NEJM.org.
Source Information
From Yale Law School, New Haven, CT.
This article (10.1056/NEJMp1000087) was published on January 13, 2010, at NEJM.org.
References
1. Helvering v. Davis, 301 U.S. 619 (1937).
2. Hylton v. United States, 3 U.S. 171 (1796).
3. Gonzales v. Raich, 545 U.S. 1 (2005).
4. Wickard v. Filburn, 317 U.S. 111 (1942).
The Congress can regulate commerce, they can't force you to buy a product. This violates the liberty and freedom of this country and it's amazing
to me that Obama, Pelosi and Reid actually has us discussing if it's okay for the Government to force you to buy a product. This is America, not
Hitler's Germany or Stalin's Russia.
Nobody is forcing you to do anything of the such. However, no longer can freeloaders trot around without some coverage and expect everyone else to
foot the bill when they go to the ER or catch a cold.
If you don't want to carry some type of health coverage from an insurance company of your choice, than you will have to pay a fine by way of taxes.
But, if you fail to pay said fine you know what they'll do? Nothing!
On the enforcement of the mandate, the bill states:
(A) WAIVER OF CRIMINAL PENALTIES- In the case of any failure by a taxpayer to timely pay any penalty posed by this section, such taxpayer shall NOT be
subject to ANY prosecution or penalty with respect to such failure.
So the penalty for not getting insurance is a fine, and the penalty for not paying the fine is NOTHING!!!!!!!
If this stands then America is in deep trouble.
AHHHHH! Run for your lives!! Obama, Pelosi, Reid, oh my! The horror!! Everyone will be covered by insurance, why God, why?!!!
The Government can say the cost of dental care is going up so we want to force everyone to buy at least 1 toothbrush and one tube of toothpaste.
Ewww! Please tell me the government doesn't have to tell you to brush your teeth.
I used to own a business. I was required to carry insurance by the government, and it was expected that I have insurance by my customers or they
didn't use my services. It protected me in case I screwed something up I would lose my business paying for any damages. It also protected my
customers if I screwed something of theirs up they knew it would be replaced at no cost to them. Win-Win. Doctors are required to carry insurance,
lawyers, veterinarians, mechanics, car dealers, building contractors, McDonalds, and ALL car drivers.
They can say in order to save the planet, every American has to own a hybrid vehicle.
You are horribly misinformed. "They" can NOT. They can however impose a tax on polluters of the environment. And "they" do, by way of fines for
littering, carbon polluting, dumping crap in our water, etc. It is a way for government to protect the people. You do want your government to do that,
right?
It can go on and on.
I find that phrase used a lot by people who only have talking points and no facts. Translation: I have nothing else, but I want you to think I do, so
you won't challenge me.
[edit on 8-4-2010 by 12GaugePermissionSlip]