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Washington (CNN) -- North Korea's highest-ranking defector said "ideological warfare," not military action, would help topple the regime of Kim Jong Il. "We don't need to resort to force," Hwang Jang-yop told a small audience Wednesday at the Center for Strategic International Studies, a Washington-based think tank. "We need to use ideology and markets and diplomacy. We need to take a lesson from the cold war." Hwang, an 87-year-old former secretary of North Korea's ruling Workers' Party, was in Washington meeting with academics and policymakers on his second trip to Washington since defecting in 1997 during a trip to Beijing, China.