posted on Mar, 15 2010 @ 04:11 PM
Here are some brief Clarifications for newbies to modern Biblical Source Criticism of the Jewish Scriptures -- we've sure come a long way from the
days of Graf-Wellhausen..!!
The Book of Genesis houses 2 (read em: TWO) Separate Creation Myths in unpointed PaleoHebrew (NO VOWELS) both with a different vocabuary, linguistic
poetical style, word spelling, sentence length, grammar, syntax, word order, name of the god, Weltanschauung ('world view') and actual content.
Creation Myth #1 (Gen 1:1 to 2:4a & 5:1-2) = creator = ELOHIM
Creation Myth #2 (Gen 2:4b - 4:26) = creator is YHWH ELOHIM
The first creation Myth of the Jews in Genesis seems to be derived from Babylonian sources (Tehom sounds like Tiamat, the Babylonian Chaos Goddess and
there are other parallels) and uses an 'Babylonian' accent related to the scribes who penned the Scroll of the Book of the Prophet Hezekiel (c. 540
BCE), and is known as the Priestly Account (P), found in Gen chapter 1:1 to 2:4a and magically re-appears in Gen 5:1-2 and later here and there. Since
the name of the god is ELOHIM (plural of the fem. goddess Eloah, found in portical sections of all that difficult early Elamite Hebrew found in in
Job chapters 3-48, but NOT in the prose sections of Job chapters 1 & 2 however) - The P writer(s) use ELOHIM for the god until the Burning Bush, then
he is called YHWH, but his distinctive vocabulary is maintained throughout.
Ezra the scribe apparently was faced c. 450BCE with a lot of different traditions of the Hebrew priests (some of whom were returning from a 100 year
Exile in Babylon who had just been run over by Persia, and sent home - only 20% came back though..the rest stayed in their New Jobs abroad where there
was a better life...) and had to merge a bunch of contradictory myths into a single narrative (but it is hardly single - the two myths of creation for
example contradict each other in at least a dozen places).
The second Creation Myth begins at Gen 2:4b and extends to the end of Gen chapter4:26 (where we read of YHWH Elohim FORMING Adam out of mud and
'breathing into his nostrils the breath of life' etc. and then forming the animals out of even more mud to bring to Adam for a mate, but since no
mate could be found, YHWH Elohim forms Hayyah-Havvah our of his side..and then the familiar story of the Talking Snake &tc. This source uses YHWH
Elohim (Jaweh-EL) so is called the J source
In the 1st myth (P), MALE AND FEMALE are both created (Heb 'bara' means make from Zero, not formed from mud or anything pre-existent) together on
the so called 6th Day i.e. at the very end of Elohim's creation exercise - e.g. in the Day in which Elohim created ADAM, Male AND Female created he
them AND HE CALLED THEIR NAME ADAM (Gen 5:2) and he blessed them. There is not Havvah ('gossippy' since she can talk to snakes,)r Hayyah (as it must
have been originally, i.e. 'life') that we see with the Rib Thingy in the CONTRADICTORY 2nd Creation Myth where Adam is created FIRST then the
animals, and the Eve-Woman last of all, where she immediately gets herself in trouble and leads to the Fall of Man etc.
When reading these two Creation Myths, Rule #1 - highlight in one colour of highlighter the text of Gen 1:1 - 2:4a (1st half of chapter 2 v: 4) and
also Gen 5:1-2 and get ANOTHER Colour highlighter for Gen 2:4b to 4:26 so that you HAVE TWO SEPARATE BLOCKS of MYTH MAKING...
When you SEE the TWO BLOCKS, you can read each separately and THEN (and only then) will most people BEGIN to SEE all the DIFFERENCES in the CONTENT of
these TWO MYTHS - anyone who actively denies that there are TWO creation myths in Genesis is
a. Unable to look at this complex material critically for differences in content, language, theology, meaning, &tc. with an open mind and/or a clear
head
b. Willfully NOT looking critically at the evidence (the most 'believers' category) since 'god wrote it, that settles it'...
c. a Liar (some church and synagogue clerics who know better but hide the facts from their sheeple paying their salaries)
A good and worthwhile INTRO to these little matters (under the category: Things My Rabbi and/or Priest-Minister Never share with their Congregations)
is a book called: WHO WROTE THE BIBLE? By Richard Elliott Friedman, a student of the great Frank Cross of Harvard (1989, ISBN # 0-06-097214-9
published by Summit Books (=Simon & Schuster) in paperback - I believe there are cheap copies available on Amazon.com.
I found the book a little over-simplified and jejune in places (well, it helps to have a Theology Degree), but my Aunt had to read it THREE times to
get even the BASIC information under her belt.
She should try reading Graf-Wellhausen in the original German ! That was a real shocker to my system...anything in English after that was a
breeze..
But even if any of you have to read the Friedman book two or three times, it will get your head around the major issues pertaining to Ezra's reforms
of the Aleph-Beth in c. 440 BCE and all the combination of older material that was at his disposal to EDIT/REDACT after the Babylonian Exile (BCE 587
to BCE c. 531) when the Torah was formed very closely into the rough shape it exists today (new alpeh-beth and all).
The point is, unless you understand JEPD Form and Source Criticism of the Torah, you are groping in the dark about the text in front of you.
Another helpful read is the Anchor Bible Series' book by Joseph Blenkinsopp THE PENTATEUCH: An Introduction to the First Five Books of the Bible,
published in the early 1980s but still remarkably valid reading for the beginner to these little matters. I believe this also is available in
paperback...
I mean, why grope around in the dark if you don't have to?