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A female sex hormone involved in pregnancy has been found to be so successful in repairing brain damage in both men and women that a large-scale clinical trial is scheduled to begin next month on more than 1,000 victims of severe head injuries.
Progesterone, a "sex steroid" produced in women as part of the menstrual cycle, is to be injected into patients who suffer brain injuries within hours of their accident in an attempt to limit or even reverse the long-term damage that normally results from severe trauma.
Yams
The active ingredient, natural progesterone, is very similar to that used in the first contraceptive pills. This has now been superseded by a synthetic progesterone known as progestin. But, for brain injury, only the natural hormone appears to have the desired protective effect.
During the trial, patients with blunt trauma head injuries will be given an infusion of natural progesterone that will last for four days. The hormone is extracted from yams - also known as sweet potatoes.
"The dose is probably about three times what would be found in [the blood] of a female in the third trimester of pregnancy," Dr Wright explained.
The US Federal Drug Administration (FDA) has made a special allowance for the team to administer the drug without patients' consent - so it can be given as soon as possible and have the maximum protective effect.
Crystal clue in army brain injury
A colour-changing crystal attached to a soldier's uniform could help doctors decide if they need treatment for a brain injury, researchers say.
The crystal reveals the intensity of a bomb blast the wearer has been exposed to, helping doctors treat injuries that might not be immediately apparent.
Shockwaves from bomb blasts can cause brain damage not visible on MRI scans, New Scientist magazine reports.
US researchers recently presented the research at a neurotrauma conference.