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Originally posted by spacevisitor
So after finishing the lower one-third of the GP with traditional "straight ramps", the rest as you said they used small one-level ramps as one can see in the image, but then comes another in my opinion really big problem.
Because the blocks used for the King's Chamber and relieving chambers are placed higher than the lower one-third of the GP and weighing as much as 60-80 tons each, so how do you think they dragged them uphill on those small one-level ramps and how were they able to maneuvering those big ones around the corner and after that, dragging them to their final position?
Originally posted by merka
Originally posted by spacevisitor
So after finishing the lower one-third of the GP with traditional "straight ramps", the rest as you said they used small one-level ramps as one can see in the image, but then comes another in my opinion really big problem.
Because the blocks used for the King's Chamber and relieving chambers are placed higher than the lower one-third of the GP and weighing as much as 60-80 tons each, so how do you think they dragged them uphill on those small one-level ramps and how were they able to maneuvering those big ones around the corner and after that, dragging them to their final position?
Hm, somehow I dont think the Egyptians built 1/3rd of the pyramid and then said "Oh shazbot, we built our ramps to small now we wont get the stones up there!".
Why you think they had to be small?
Originally posted by Harte
In fact, once the first layer was down, many succeeding layers could have been erected to 75% or so of being finished (each layer - not the whole structure) without any (external) ramp at all. Small, one-level ramps could account for a great deal of the layers as there would be enough room to constuct partial layers in varying positions on top of the preceding layer. IOW, small ramps on top of the construction to move stone up from the lower levels.
Originally posted by PhotonEffect
Hey, here's some guys (at least 30 of 'em) trying to pull a 25 ton block of stone, hehe...
(I've included brief captions to each picture which are taken from the NOVA site- italicized portion)
[atsimg]http://files.abovetopsecret.com/images/member/b1bcd6ab5b78.jpg[/atsimg]
Modern-day builders would employ a crane and a flatbed truck to move a heavy stone like this one. But an ancient Egyptian relief painting shows long lines of men pulling a monumental stone across land. The NOVA team, .... , rely heavily on the same energy the pharaoh's engineers employed: the collective power of human muscle.
[atsimg]http://files.abovetopsecret.com/images/member/808b4139e386.jpg[/atsimg]
To reduce drag and ease movement, a team member smears animal fat onto a wooden runner in the track along which workers will pull the 25-ton stone. Ancient Egyptians might have used slick wet clay to accomplish the same thing.
..........
Now here's the fun part...hehe.. there are about 32 (give or take that can be seen in the picture) men pulling those ropes...
..........
[atsimg]http://files.abovetopsecret.com/images/member/4b673b113dbc.jpg[/atsimg]
At first the ropes stretch, and the stone refuses to move. Then stonemason Roger Hopkins climbs atop the stone and chants "God is great!" in Arabic to coordinate the timing of the pulls and to inspire the men. Exerting a tremendous effort, the men drag the stone a mere 20 feet.
Man that looks tough...So it took shouts of "God is great!" to get the 30 or so men to pull this stone only 20 feet. Of course we all know the Egyptians weren't Muslim back then. So what was their motivational force?
Also there are a couple of details missing which have not been provided by the NOVA team:
-They didn't mention how many men were actually used.
-They don't mention how long it actually took to move that stone.
-Although they mention they barely moved it 20 feet, they don't say if that was the total distance that was attempted...
Now multiply that one stone by a few million. 2, 5, 10, 25, 75 ,100 tons....whatever
www.pbs.org...
Originally posted by merka
Since you build a pyramid from the inside out, I dont see any problems with building the inner part of the pyramid from large straight ramps up the Kings Chamber by using the base of the pyramid itself (ie no external ramps) THEN making the sections around and above it with smaller external ramps.
But I am convinced that they could not have done that all with the use of ramps for the reasons I said in my earlier posts.
Originally posted by spacevisitor
Then you see at once the big problem there for the blocks used for the King's Chamber and relieving chambers weighing as much as 60-80 tons each and also all those outer casing stones weighing up to 15 tons.
Originally posted by Kandinsky
reply to post by spacevisitor
But I am convinced that they could not have done that all with the use of ramps for the reasons I said in my earlier posts.
The evidence is there that shows remains of ramps.
Look what this Egyptologist said about that.
The Giza pyramids were built by the same people so why didn't they use tried and tested methods? Subsequent pyramids also show ramp use.
Grab the nettle and accept that the Egyptians built their own monuments using methods they'd perfected over centuries. Stings?
The huge stones were hauled up ramps by gangs of laborers and just wafted into place with lapidary precision. No matter that engineers, quarrymen and masons, people accustomed to moving large blocks of stone around, insist it could not be done in this fashion, while toolmakers and machinists study the precision and cannot fathom how it could possibly have been achieved with hand tools.
Previous discussion on the ramp.
Scholars propose two theories: a straight ramp or a spiral ramp. Both present their own problems.
The first theory proposes a single large ramp sloping up against one face of the pyramid.
This proposal has the advantage that all four comers and the three sides of the pyramid remain clear during the construction allowing builders to monitor and check the rise of the sides and the diagonals. Careful surveying during construction was essential; otherwise, a twist might occur and the diagonal lines would not meet in a point at the top.
There are problems with this proposal. One is that to obtain a functionally low enough slope - one that rises one meter every six meters, the ramp would have to be extremely long extending over and beyond the quarry.
The other theory posits a ramp spiraling around the pyramid in some way. The most popular form of this idea has a ramp starting at each comer thereby creating four ramps spiraling upwards and resting on the unfinished outer casing blocks for support.
These blocks would be smoothed as the ramps were dismantled after the apex of the pyramid had been reached.
This theory leaves most of the pyramid's face clear, for measuring purposes, during construction and the necessary double-checking of lines and comers.
The first problem with this theory is that the unfinished faces of the pyramid could not support the ramps which these theorists believe were made of mud-brick or debris.
Also a spiraling ramp increases the distance over which the blocks had to be hauled and creates unnecessary strain for the team pulling each multi-ton block.
It also increases the difficulty of pulling the blocks with extended ropes around the sharp comers of the pyramid's diagonals.
Other theories are proposed by Lehner and Stadelmann.
I believe that the ramp rises from the quarry about thirty meters above the pyramid's base at its Southwest comer, and the discovery of the ramp South of the Great Pyramid proved that the last theory is the correct one.
A radical new idea has recently been presented by Jean-Pierre Houdin, a French architect who has devoted the last seven years of his life to making detailed computer models of the Great Pyramid. Using start-of-the-art 3-D software developed by Dassault Systemes, combined with an initial suggestion of Henri Houdin, his engineer father, the architect has concluded that a ramp was indeed used to raise the blocks to the top, and that the ramp still exists--inside the pyramid!
The theory suggests that for the bottom third of the pyramid, the blocks were hauled up a straight, external ramp. This ramp was far shorter than the one needed to reach the top, and was made of limestone blocks, slightly smaller than those used to build the bottom third of the pyramid.
As the bottom of the pyramid was being built via the external ramp, a second ramp was being built, inside the pyramid, on which the blocks for the top two-thirds of the pyramid would be hauled. The internal ramp, according to Houdin, begins at the bottom, is about 6 feet wide, and has a grade of approximately 7 percent. This ramp was put into use after the lower third of the pyramid was completed and the external ramp had served its purpose.
Huge granite and limestone blocks were needed for the roof beams and rafters of the Queen's and King's Chambers. Some of these beams weigh more than 60 tons and are far too large to have been brought up through the internal ramp.
Thus the external ramp had to remain in use until the large blocks were hauled up.
Once that was done, the external ramp was dismantled and its blocks were led up the pyramid via the internal ramp to build the top two-thirds of the pyramid. Perhaps most blocks in this portion of the pyramid are smaller than those at the bottom third because they had to move up the narrow internal ramp.
There were several considerations that went into designing the internal ramp. First, it had to be fashioned very precisely so that it didn't hit the chambers or the internal passageways that connect them.
Second, men hauling heavy blocks of stones up a narrow ramp can't easily turn a 90-degree corner; they need a place ahead of the block to stand and pull.
The internal ramp had to provide a means of turning its corners so, Houdin suggests, the ramp had openings there where a simple crane could be used to turn the blocks.
There are plenty of theories about how the Great Pyramid could have been built that lack evidence. Is the internal ramp theory any different? Is there any evidence to support it? Yes.
A bit of evidence appears to be one of the ramp's corner notches used for turning blocks. It is two-thirds of the way up the northeast corner--precisely at a point where Houdin predicted there would be one.
Furthermore, in 1986 a member of a French team that was surveying the pyramid reported seeing a desert fox enter it through a hole next to the notch, suggesting that there is an open area close to it, perhaps the ramp. It seems improbable that the fox climbed more than halfway up the pyramid. More likely there is some undetected crevice toward the bottom where the fox entered the ramp and then made its way up the ramp and exited near the notch. It would be interesting to attach a telemetric device to a fox and send him into the hole to monitor his movements! The notch is suggestive, but there is another bit of evidence supplied by the French mentioned earlier that is far more compelling.
I am really interested what Dr. Zahi Hawass view is on The Internal Ramp Theory from Jean-Pierre Houdin?
Link
HK: Do you have any comments about Bob Brier’s theory regarding an internal ramp being used in the construction of the Great Pyramid? (as per “Archaeology,” Volume 62 Number 4, July/August 2009)
ZH: It is not a theory. It’s a theory of a French guy, his name is Houdin, and the theory is completely wrong. We did investigate the theory and we, I wrote about it everywhere. The theory is the theory of other theorists. This Houdin wants to make his theory famous and that’s why he took Bob Brier to be with him as a co-author but really Bob Brier doesn’t know anything about pyramids. He’s a good guy, he knows about mummies, but pyramids are not his field.
Originally posted by Harte
III. 2. The Discovery of the Ramp.
............ The ramp was constructed of limestone chips, gypsum, and a calcareous clay called Tafla. Due to the hardiness of the construction materials what remains of the ramp, after the Egyptians removed it to build the tombs of GIS, should still exist on the South side.
............ This part of the ramp consisted of two walls built of stone rubble and mixed with Tafla. The area in between was filled with sand and gypsum forming the bulk of the ramp.
1. The West Wall:
The length of this wall is 1.40 centimeters, built of a stone rubble and Tafla.
The length is 60 centimeters. Mud was used to consolidate the stones.
2. The Eastern Wall
It is located to the East of the West wall about 1.50 centimeters. The width is 1.45 centimeters and it is also built of stone rubble.
Originally posted by Kandinsky
Hawass dismisses Houdin's theory of that specific internal ramp. He explains that both he, Lehner and numerous others have been unable to find physical support for the theory. Personally, I find Houdin's idea interesting and have said as much on other threads. Nevertheless, Hawass doesn't operate in a vacuum...his boss is a dictator, but he doesn't have the power to prevent others from supporting the theory. Houdin's ideas remain unsupported by Egyptologists. He submitted a paper for peer-review in 2002...
La construction de la pyramide de Khéops: Vers la fin des mystères?
HK: Do you have any comments about Bob Brier’s theory regarding an internal ramp being used in the construction of the Great Pyramid? (as per “Archaeology,” Volume 62 Number 4, July/August 2009)
ZH: It is not a theory. It’s a theory of a French guy, his name is Houdin, and the theory is completely wrong. We did investigate the theory and we, I wrote about it everywhere. The theory is the theory of other theorists. This Houdin wants to make his theory famous and that’s why he took Bob Brier to be with him as a co-author but really Bob Brier doesn’t know anything about pyramids. He’s a good guy, he knows about mummies, but pyramids are not his field.
Originally posted by Kandinsky
The one thing that underlies the discussion is that one word...'ramp.' The evidence that Egyptians used linear, spiral, internal and step ramps is still there. Maybe they used more than one style of ramp?
2. Also a spiraling ramp increases the distance over which the blocks had to be hauled and creates unnecessary strain for the team pulling each multi-ton block.
3. It also increases the difficulty of pulling the blocks with extended ropes around the sharp comers of the pyramid's diagonals.
Originally posted by Kandinsky
(I'm curious...how can you demonstrate critical thinking and a willingness to seek out facts when you have a Clifford Stone quote in your sig?)
1. The first problem with this theory is that the unfinished faces of the pyramid could not support the ramps which these theorists believe were made of mud-brick or debris.
2. Also a spiraling ramp increases the distance over which the blocks had to be hauled and creates unnecessary strain for the team pulling each multi-ton block.
3. It also increases the difficulty of pulling the blocks with extended ropes around the sharp comers of the pyramid's diagonals.
Originally posted by Kandinsky
Oh, my question about Stone wasn't intended to be insulting. I've read damn near everything he's said or written online. It was just curiosity that you can follow and construct a coherent argument whilst honoring Stone in the sig. Take it easy
You said that you read near everything he's said or written online, so may I ask you then what your opinion and thoughts are of Clifford Stone?
Originally posted by Kandinsky
The one that really undermined his credibility was a US soldier that defied an attack by greys due to his belief in God and the Bible in his pocket. I think it was in Vietnam and ET were massacring the population? I can probably link it later if necessary.
I am very curious to that story so I hope you post that link to it.
Exclusive Interview with Sergeant Clifford Stone, on assignment at Roswell, New Mexico
"UU: Can you give more detail... regarding the greys, the subtleties ahead, and how to avoid any mishap?
"CS: You mean how to identify if your working with a good guy or bad guy? For one thing there are the religious (activities) the bad guys are not happy with. For example, there was an instance where they tried to pick up a farmer...he started to pray and they couldn’t take him aboard the craft... He kept praying and finally they gave up trying to abduct him. There was also an incident in Vietnam where a UFO set down in a field. It terrorized some of the villagers, and there was a soldier who was out visiting his girlfriend, who would later become his wife. Anyhow, he got tied up there and the UFO was trying to convince some of the people they should go. It wanted to take some of the people. The soldier stood his ground and wouldn’t let the entities do it. The M16 that the soldier had was impervious to the aliens, but the cross that he always wore, and he always carried a Bible, they had regard for that. Finally, they gave up and decided not to try to take any of the people...
Originally posted by spacevisitor
Thanks for your opinion about Clifford Stone, it explains and confirms afterwards to me that I did understand your question very well in the first place.
Originally posted by Kandinsky
The one that really undermined his credibility was a US soldier that defied an attack by greys due to his belief in God and the Bible in his pocket. I think it was in Vietnam and ET were massacring the population? I can probably link it later if necessary.
I am very curious to that story so I hope you post that link to it.
Regarding the 'Unfinished Obelisk', a beast that would have weighed 1200 tons if it hadn't cracked under its own weight, I still find it difficult to believe that if it did not broke then how they were capable of maneuvering such a giant out of that quarry and transport it to its final location with the tools the Egyptologists say they had to their disposal back then.
But hé, that’s me.
There are many others of these really amazing stone mysteries all over the world, but regarding the top ten of really big blocks/stones I could not resist these ones from Baalbeck in Lebanon.
Of course they are of topic but aren’t they marvelous?
[atsimg]http://files.abovetopsecret.com/images/member/3158166a07e2.jpg[/atsimg]
[atsimg]http://files.abovetopsecret.com/images/member/de472d2a2a8f.jpg[/atsimg]
[atsimg]http://files.abovetopsecret.com/images/member/09697e454d52.jpg[/atsimg]
[atsimg]http://files.abovetopsecret.com/images/member/358bc6b0e474.jpg[/atsimg]
[edit on 8/2/10 by spacevisitor]
Originally posted by andyoz
I just cant imagine all the hours and hours being put into making this collossus through manual labour. Could we even attempt to copy this structure with the technology we have with us now? Maybe but im still sure it will not be anywhere near as perfect as the great Pyramid was and still is.
Luxor Hotel.
A Pyramid isnt that complicated and there are modern constructions that FAR exceed it. Take a simple bridge for example. ONE of them have cables spanning the length of the entire Earth. Ships lift sections in excess of 10,000+ tonnes.