reply to post by EnlightenUp
Yes, the plight of the Irish was terrible.
In fairness when I started a course on history they did mention the "indentured labour". They reckon 50 000 people. They were branded and treated
like slaves. I remember reading the diary of one "indentured" girl from the 1800s who was only about 11, and she was flogged with hundreds of
lashes. She managed to crawl barely alive to a neighbouring farm, and the people there admonished her for being "wicked" and took her right back.
Anyone who absconded had years added on, and died in virtual slavery. But there were also very real European slaves.
In the works of the German playwrite Schiller I read of the aristocricy selling men as soldiers to the British Crown. Conscription is one form of
slavery too.
But in any case, back to history:
"White Slavery and Servitude in the Colonies of the West Indies
Although it is an inarguable fact that Africans were cruelly enslaved en masse by many European empires, most notably the British and French, as well
as within the American republic as forced labor, there was also, however, a far less commonly known and rarely mentioned dimension of White, in
particular Irish, slavery which also occurred as a consequence of empire. Much like many unfortunate Africans, the collective memory of the Irish of
this era of British imperialism is one of persecution, dispossession, enslavement, and other untold sufferings. The brief but bloody reign of Oliver
Cromwell following the English Civil War gave birth to an era of brutal oppression and exploitation of the subject Irish population. From 1652 until
1659 alone, it is estimated that well over 50,000 men, women, and children of Irish descent were forcibly transported to British imperial colonies in
Barbados and Virginia to serve as slave labor in the plantation economy.(4) Other prisoners of war, as well as political dissenters, taken from
conquered regions of England, Wales, and Scotland were also sent into permanent exile as slaves to Barbados. This essentially enabled Cromwell to
purge the subject population of any perceived opposing elements, as well as to provide a lucrative source of profit through their sale to plantation
owners.(5) The extent to which White prisoners were transported to Barbados was so great, that by 1701, out of the roughly 25,000 slaves present on
the island’s plantations, about 21,700 of them were of European descent.(6) Later, as the African slave trade began to expand and flourish, the
Irish slave population of Barbados began to drastically recede over time, due in part to the fact that many were worked to death early on in their
arrival and also as a result of racial intermixing with Black slaves.
In stark contrast to the small number of White indentured servants present on Barbados, who could at least theoretically look forward to eventual
freedom no matter how bad their temporary bondage may have been, White slaves possessed no such hope. Indeed, they were treated the same as slaves of
African descent in every manner imaginable. Irish slaves in Barbados were regarded as property to be bought, sold, treated and mistreated in any way
the slave-owner saw fit. Their children were born into hereditary slavery for life as well.(7) Punitive violence, such as whippings, was liberally
employed against Irish slaves, and was often used on them immediately upon their arrival in the colonies to brutally reinforce their enchained status,
and as a warning against future disobedience.(8) The dehumanizing and degrading cattle-like physical inspections used to assess and showcase the
"qualities" of each captive for prospective buyers, which reached infamy with the Black slave markets, was also practiced upon both White slaves and
indentured servants in the colonies of the West Indies and North America. Irish slaves were marked off from their free White kinsmen through a
branding of the owner’s initials applied to the forearm for women and on the buttocks for men by a red-hot iron. Irish women, in particular were
seen as a desirable commodity by White slave owners who purchased them as sexual concubines. Others found themselves sold off to local brothels. This
degrading practice of sex slavery made Irish men, women and children potential victims to perverse whims of many unsavory buyers."
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[edit on 2-2-2010 by halfoldman]