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From the point of view of the World Bank's Dr. Briscoe, a big part of the solution is to make the cost of water reflect its value. Now, people use it virtually for free.
Charting our water future is a report of the 2030 Water Resources Group, which was formed in 2008 to contribute new insights to the increasingly critical issue of water resource scarcity. Members include McKinsey & Company, the World Bank Group, and a consortium of business partners: The Barilla Group, The Coca Cola Company, Nestlé SA, New Holland Agriculture, SAB Miller PLC, Standard Chartered and Syngenta AG.
" Governments are not the only stakeholders that matter, nor are they the only ones that need help managing water decisions. We outline a path forward for five specific private sector players who can contribute to water security solutions."
The biggest problems will be in India and China, and without concerted action, India will not be able to meet half of its water needs by 2030. In neighbouring China, the problem is even worse, with demand expected to outstrip supply by 25 per cent.
Financial institutions. There is wide agreement that water has suffered from chronic underinvestment. Financial institutions are likely to be an important actor in making up this shortfall. The cost curves provide such institutions with transparency on the financial costs and the technical potential of measures in the long run to close the water supply-demand gap, as well as on the barriers to their adoption, thus helping them construct credible investment theses— particularly important at a time when credit is hard to find.
Investment opportunities span all sectors—the measures that in aggregate require the most capital in each country are municipal leakage reduction in China, and water transfer schemes in São Paulo and South Africa. In India, drip irrigation offers potential for lending and equity investments alike: our analysis implies that the penetration of this technology will grow by 11 percent per year through 2030, requiring increased manufacturing capacity and credit for farmers.
Technology providers. Innovation in water technology—in everything from supply (such as desalination) to industrial efficiency (such as more efficient water reuse) to agricultural technologies (such as crop protection and irrigation controls)—could play a major role in closing the supply-demand gap. Also, many of the solutions on the cost curves developed for each country imply the scale-up of existing technologies, requiring expanded production on the part of technology providers. The cost curves provide a framework that technology providers can use to benchmark their products and services for an estimate of their market potential and costcompetitiveness with alternative solutions...... By demonstrating which measures have the greatest impact in delivering solutions, a robust fact base can also spur focused financial investments from the private sector as a key engine for reform. A number of approaches exist, from public/private water financing facilities, to public projects that create the space for private financiers to scale-up their investments, to innovative, microfinance solutions for end-users.
Policymakers, financiers, conservationists, farmers, and the private sector need to cooperate to develop and promote innovative financial tools to ensure those willing to improve their water footprint are given the opportunity—and capital—to do so. .... It is critical to ensure incentive design emphasizes the value of water productivity—for example through clearer ownership rights, appropriate tariffs, quotas, pricing, and standards—and at the same time recognizes the impacts such incentives can have on the companies’ profitability. A fact base on the economics of adoption and on the real potential of efficiency measures in such sectors can help identify and prioritize the right regulatory tools for action.
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Yet, at least in the case of the American West's recent bout with several severe water shortages, some researchers have stepped forward and confidently asserted that there does indeed exist a link between anthropogenic global warming and the scarcity - the shrinking snowpacks. At the fall meeting of the AGU, Tim P. Barnett, a climatologist at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, explained that the West typically depends on a large, late-melting snowpack to replenish its reservoirs in late spring.
However, due to global warming-induced effects, the snowpack has been shrinking earlier and at a faster pace, a trend that will worsen in coming years - depriving the West of a significant source of freshwater. This, he said, would result in a large-scale "water crisis in the West." The concern for water users in the West, Barnett explained, is that while there is still the same level of precipitation as in years past, more is falling as rain instead of as snow. Dammed reservoirs already overflowing with water in the winter risk producing floods downstream; in the late spring, when the level of stored water is decreased to allow for meltwater from the snowpacks to come in, it will already have been much depleted by the warming and additional rain
LET THEM DRINK PEPSI The Globe and Mail, August 5, 2000 John Briscoe, senior water adviser at the World Bank, is blunt when he describes the looming water shortage: Unless people learn to use water more efficiently, there won't be enough fresh water to sustain the Earth's population. "If nothing happens, the situation is really quite terrifying," he said. "Without innovation, you're dead." The coming water crisis is partly driven by population growth. But even more, it stems from a spirited overuse of the Earth's fresh water for agriculture, industry and all sorts of uses that turn good water bad. The Sri Lanka-based International Water Management Institute projected earlier this year that by 2025, only about a quarter of the world's population will have enough fresh water.
Roughly a third of the world's population will have too little water to meet their needs. That includes people in Pakistan, Syria, Egypt, Israel, South Africa and half of India and China. This figure even takes into account that these countries will learn to use water more efficiently. As well, about 40 per cent of the world's people will experience serious financial and development problems in their quest to find the increased amounts of water required. Among those countries are Brazil, Mexico, Australia, Nigeria and Turkey, as well as large parts of India and China.
In fact, even those frightening projections may underestimate the problem. Most scenarios don't take into account the effects of global warming. When that's taken into account, even such water-rich countries as the United States and Canada may be in for some trouble.
From the point of view of the World Bank's Dr. Briscoe, a big part of the solution is to make the cost of water reflect its value. Now, people use it virtually for free.
) all other waters, such as intrastate lakes, rivers, streams (including intermittent streams), mudflats, sandflats, wetlands, sloughs, prairie potholes, wet meadows, playa lakes, or natural ponds;
Global “dimming” and “brightening,” the decrease and subsequent increase in solar downwelling flux reaching the surface observed in many locations over the past several decades, and related issues are examined using satellite data from the NASA/Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Surface Radiation Budget (SRB) product, version 2.8. A 2.51 W m−2 decade−1 dimming is found between 1983 and 1991, followed by 3.17 W m−2 decade−1 brightening from 1991 to 1999, returning to 5.26 W m−2 decade−1 dimming over 1999–2004 in the SRB global mean.
Originally posted by Seiko
How amazingly insightful, thank you zazz.
When they move to outlaw the collection of rainwater people will finally realize this is true.
Originally posted by Seiko
How amazingly insightful, thank you zazz.
When they move to outlaw the collection of rainwater people will finally realize this is true.
They've already moved to this in other countries. I believe the website water crisis talks about this.