Yet, the rates of violent crime over the last 50 years show a clear downward trend despite the influx of violent media - television, videogames, comic
books, etc.
Yes, exposure to violent media can be linked to more aggressive temporary behavior. However, as of yet there appears to be no strong correlation with
long-term behavioral development. While varying levels of desensitization to violence can and do occur - it does not follow (nor has it been shown
empirically) that desensitization to violence over-rules morality, empathy, etc. Nor does it appear to break down the line between reality and
fantasy. Seeing a thousand grizzly murders night after night on prime time television drama does not seem to lessen the emotional impact of seeing
someone brutally murdered right in front of you. However, seeing hundreds of people brutally murdered on the battlefield from the vantage point of a
soldier in the field can.
I think the issue has to do with how we mentally classify the images we process. We may empathize with a character on a TV drama, but most viewers
don't actually perceive those characters as real people. Similarly, we don't classify video game characters as real people either. I think there are
two very different levels of desensitization to violence - depending upon whether your mind classifies it as human, or non-human.
Ergo, any discussion of violent media and possible correlations to violence in real life is incomplete without factoring in dehumanization. It's well
studied and empirically demonstrated that dehumanization leads to a desensitization towards violence. Whether real or fantasy, the less you value the
life and well being of others - the more apt you are to being apathetic to or a perpetrator in violence and harm towards others... which is why
dehumanizing propaganda is so prolific, and I would suggest necessary, in times of genocide. Further, studies have shown that modern nomadic tribes
who engage in dehumanization rituals on themselves before engaging in conflict (face painting, ritualized dances, etc) have far higher rates of not
just murder - but of sadistic behavior like torture, mutilation, rape, etc.
Now, that being said, the article the OP presented gave this analysis:
Bottom line: common sense as well as science should make it abundantly clear that spending hours in front of television is unhealthy for young bodies
and minds.
And this is very true. While the television can be an indispensable tool for mass communication, marketing, and entertainment - time spent in front of
the television does detract from other activities children should be engaging in as they develop. Especially in regards to levels of physical activity
and social interaction within peer-groups.
A few other studies:
PubMed: Do Children Really Confuse appearance with reality?
new tests show that young children generally understand appearance-reality discrepancies as well as fantasy-reality distinctions. These tests instead
implicate children's failure to understand the unfamiliar discourse format of the standard test. This misunderstanding might reveal a subtler
difficulty in making logical inferences about questions.
PubMed: The role of creative control and culture in children's fantasy/reality
judgments.
Young children's ability to differentiate fantasy from reality has been seriously underestimated because of methodological problems and
overgeneralization from children's performance in situations in which they had no control over the content of the fantasy and/or were presented with
misleading information. It is important to keep in mind that there are many types of fantasy-reality distinctions, and that cultural context plays an
important role in the interpretation given to children's activities.
PubMed: Violent
television viewing during preschool is associated with antisocial behavior during school age.
Data were available for 184 boys and 146 girls at both time periods. Adjusting for baseline Behavioral Problem Index scores and age, parental
education, maternal depression, and cognitive and emotional support, violent television programming was associated with an increased risk for
antisocial behavior for boys but not for girls. Neither educational nor nonviolent programming was associated with increased risk for boys or
girls.
Viewing of violent programming by preschool boys is associated with subsequent aggressive behavior. Modifying the content that is viewed by young
children may be warranted.
PubMed: Associations between content types of early media exposure and subsequent attentional
problems.
Viewing of educational television before age 3 was not associated with attentional problems 5 years later. However, viewing of either violent or
non-violent entertainment television before age 3 was significantly associated with subsequent attentional problems, and the magnitude of the
association was large. Viewing of any content type at ages 4 to 5 was not associated with subsequent problems. CONCLUSIONS: The association between
early television viewing and subsequent attentional problems is specific to noneducational viewing and to viewing before age 3.
The third study I posted seem to imply a contradiction with my earlier statements. However, it has not yet been shown that violent media is the cause
of the correlation in anti-social and violent behavior in and of itself. It seems more likely to me that it is more a contributing factor in setting
up the conditions which create the situations that can lead to these long term behavior patterns. For instance, in the fourth study I posted regarding
attention spans; it implies that it's not just violent media - but rather entertainment media in general (both violent and non-violent) the child is
exposed to prior to age 3 which can show a strong correlation to problems with attention and focus, and which in turn can lead to problems in school
and family environment that foster frustration and increased antisocial or violent behavior.
... and, again, as demonstrated in the video above - none of the correlations between violent media and tendencies towards violent behavior have
actually manifested into correlations with increased real-world violence. This doesn't mean that they aren't having exactly the effect the studies
suggest... but, as Pinker explains, there are other factors of influence in society which counteract the actual manifestations of violence.
For an analogy, imagine you come home from work and on the table is your favorite pie, freshly cooked and smelling delicious. On the table is a note
from your spouse telling you not to eat it because it's for your new neighbor. You clearly want to eat the pie. Your mouth waters, and your mind is
flooded with mental imagery that you can almost taste it. So why don't you eat it when you clearly want to? What's to stop you?
Our minds are not a single-solitary entity, but rather an amalgamation of competing mental processes interacting with and against each other. What
I'm suggesting is that this same conflict manifests on a societal level as well, emergent from collections of individual minds that operate this way.
Correlating exposure to images and desensitizing violence in youth by the way of television and media can create behavioral expressions - like your
mouth watering over the pie. But there are other mitigating factors which suppress you from the actual act of eating it.
[edit on 20-11-2009 by Lasheic]