Whilst looking around for some information for another thread I come across a list on Wikipedia listing all of the space craft that was landed (or
impacted) on other planets and the moon.
This is where I came across a Soviet unmanned probe, Luna 16 (Lunnik 16).
This mission is of note because it was the first automated probe to return samples of the moon back to earth. Something until a few minutes ago I
didn't know was achieved. It's true you do learn something new every day!
Less than an hour after landing, at 06:03 UT, an automatic drill penetrated the lunar surface to collect a soil sample. After drilling for 7
minutes, the drill reached a stop at 35 centimeters depth and then withdrew its sample and lifted it in an arc to the top of the spacecraft,
depositing the lunar material in a small spherical capsule mounted on the main spacecraft bus. The column of regolith in the drill tube was then
transferred to the soil sample container.
Finally, after 26 hours and 25 minutes on the lunar surface at 07:43 UT on 21 September, the spacecraft’s upper stage lifted off from the Moon. The
lower stage of Luna 16 remained on the lunar surface and continued transmission of lunar temperature and radiation data. Three days later on 24
September, after a direct ascent traverse with no midcourse corrections, the capsule, with its 101 grams of lunar soil, reentered Earth’s atmosphere
at a velocity of 11 kilometers per second. The capsule parachuted down 80 kilometers southeast of the town of Jezkazgan in Kazakhstan at 05:25 UT on
24 September 1970.
Quite an impressive feat for the time if you ask me but there is another interesting thing to note from this mission.
Analysis of the dark basalt material indicated a close resemblance to soil recovered by the American Apollo 12 mission.
This is an interesting finding, particularly for those who believe the Apollo missions were faked.
Anyway, hope you found this as interesting as I did!
Further reading:
en.wikipedia.org...
en.wikipedia.org...
www.zarya.info...
nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov...