reply to post by SPreston
Even if the tail of the aircraft had entered the strip mine following the previous mass of the aircraft; why would the light-weight black boxes
be buried deeper than the alleged multi-ton turbofan engine allegedly found mere inches below the surface?
What's IRONIC about that statement is it's followed by an official Government EXHIBIT photo that was accepted and verified by a Court of Law! In
fact, THREE of the photos in the OP have the same verification. It is only an unsubstantiated
claim by certain individuals as to
the veracity of these photos.
AND that 'multi-ton turbofan engine'?? It's known as an "APU". Seriously, anyone can look that up, see what it is, where it's installed, how
big it is, etc.
And with no serial numbers from the Flt 93 black boxes proving where they came from nor the identity of the aircraft, and in fact not one
single serial number from any of the four alleged 9-11 aircraft proving aircraft identity or black box or any single individual part; these alleged
black boxes are bogus. The Flt 93 black box photos could have been taken anywhere in the world; even in Italy ...
Here, the Op is intentionally (or unintentionally, from being misinformed) distorting facts. AND beginning to take his own OP off-topic, with a
reference to Pentagon photos, and other airplanes from 9-11...
Anyway, focusing on UAL93 'serial numbers', the actual ID plates on the outer casings are not the
ONLY means of establishing the authenticity
of the Recorders, and which airframe they were installed on. The extreme forces in the crash damaged the S/N exterior info, but the encoded internal
data is SPECIFIC to the airframe. There are many, many other points of reference to prove that those Recorders "belonged" to the airframe that was
UAL93. IF the top-notch researchers would just bother to do the research!!!
Here we can learn
actual facts regarding the Flight Recorders, and their functions:
www.aerospaceweb.org...
The Flight Data Recorder collects data from a number of sensors to monitor information like accelerations, airspeed, altitude, heading, attitudes,
cockpit control positions, thermometers, engine gauges, fuel flow, control surface positions, autopilot status, switch positions, and a variety of
other parameters. Most parameters are recorded a few times per second but some FDRs can record bursts of data at higher frequencies when inputs are
changing rapidly.
The data measured by the different sensors is collected by the Flight Data Acquisition Unit (FDAU). This device is typically located in an equipment
bay at the front of the aircraft beneath the flight deck. The FDAU assembles the desired information in the proper format and passes it on to the FDR
at the rear of the plane for recording. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) required the FDR to record between 11 and 29 parameters, depending
on aircraft size, up to 2002 but now requires saving a minimum of 88 sets of data. Analog FDRs can save a maximum of around 100 variables while
digital recorders are often capable of collecting over 1,000 parameters over the course of 25 hours.
Please follow link to diagram here (I do not know how to bring it from the source)
Diagram of data flow to aircraft black boxes
Narration continues:
** skipped extraneous info **
...A common misconception states that the black boxes are "indestructible." No manmade device is indestructible, and no material has ever been
developed that cannot be destroyed under severe enough conditions. The black boxes are instead designed to be highly survivable in a crash. In many of
the worst aviation accidents, the only devices to survive in working order are the Crash Survivable Memory Units (CSMUs) in the black boxes. The
remainder of the recorders, including the external case and other internal components, are often heavily damaged.
Another image from the source is here:
Interior cut-away of a black box design
Continuing:
The CSMU, however, is contained within a very compact cylindrical or rectangular box designed to safeguard the data within against extreme
conditions. The box is composed of three layers to provide different types of protection to the recording medium. The outermost shell is a case made
of hardened steel or titanium designed to survive intense impact and pressure damage. The second layer is an insulation box while the third is a
thermal block to protect against severe fire and heat. Together, these three layered cases allow the FDR and CVR to survive in all but the most
extreme crash conditions.
Current regulations require the black boxes to survive an impact of 3,400 g's for up to 6.5 milliseconds. This rapid deceleration is equivalent to
slowing from a speed of 310 miles per hour (500 km/h) to a complete stop in a distance of just 18 inches (45 cm). This requirement is tested by firing
the CSMU from an air cannon to demonstrate the device can withstand an impact force at least 3,400 times its own weight. The black boxes must also
survive a penetration test during which a steel pin dropped from a height of 10 ft (3 m) impacts the CSMU at its most vulnerable point with a force of
500 pounds (2,225 N). In addition, a static crush test is conducted to demonstrate that all sides of the CSMU can withstand a pressure of 5,000 pounds
per square inch (350 kg/cm²) for five minutes. The fire resistance of the CSMU is further tested by exposing it to a temperature of 2,000°F
(1,100°C) for up to an hour. The device is also required to survive after lying in smoldering wreckage for ten hours at a temperature of 500°F
(260°C).
** skipping **
Another factor important to the survivability of the black boxes is their installation in the tail of the aircraft. The exact location often
varies depending on the plane, but the FDR and CVR are usually placed near the galley, in the aft cargo hold, or in the tail cone.
Comment: On the Boeing 757 they are
not in the tailcone, as that location is taken up by the APU. The Recorders
are easily accessible
by maintenance personnel for checking and servicing. ALSO, they are
not IN the aft cargo hold...they are aft of that location.
The recorders are stored in the tail since this is usually the last part of the aircraft to impact in an accident. The entire front portion of the
plane acts like a crush zone that helps to decelerate the tail more slowly. This effect reduces the shock experienced by the recorders and helps to
cushion the devices to improve their chances of surviving the crash.
Further comment necessary here. The above paragraph is true in
normal airplane crash scenarios! UAL93 was far from 'normal'.
Once the black boxes have been located following an accident, they are typically taken into custody by an aviation safety agency for analysis. In
the United States, responsibility for investigating most air accidents belongs to the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB). Many countries
lacking the capability to analyze black boxes also send their recorders to the computer labs of the NTSB or some of the better-equipped investigative
organizations in Western nations. Care must be taken in recovering and transporting the recorders so that no further damage is done to the devices
that might prevent important data from being extracted.
Upon receipt of the recorders, the NTSB uses a series of computer and audio equipment to process and analyze any information that can be recovered.
The data is translated into formats readily usable by investigators and is usually critical in identifying the probable cause(s) of the accident. This
process may take many weeks or months depending on the condition of the black boxes and the level of processing required to make sense of the data.
Outside experts are also often consulted to help analyze and interpret the data.
So, to try to summarize (this time):
The evidence taken in its entirity is overwhelming; an aircraft did not bury itself in that strip mine and disappear.
No...the evidence points to the contrary. It is only the OP'S
opinion, based on an incredible lack of understanding and due diligence.
There is no chain of custody on anything.
Wow!!! What an incredible, blanket, completely unsubstantiated statement to make! Hyperbole, at its finest, ladies and gentlemen!
Alleged official photos of alleged Flt 93 aircraft debris cannot be traced nor verified as to authenticity.
Man, I wish I'd never given him that Thesaurus!! The non-'
alleged official photos ARE verified, as noted above. Wishing those facts away
does not help.
There was no jet fuel in the soil contaminating the ground water.
Oh, that ripe old chestnut?!? Again with the bait-and-switch? Looky, you can make all of the hit and runs with comments you wish, but your
crediblity goes WAY UP if you will provide citations to go along with them.
What is the ground water table height in that area? Prove your claims, instead of dropping them like ticking time bombs of innuendo!!!
And, try to focus, please?
Thank you.