Regarding the big bang:
The proportional way in which, the galaxies are spreading out break the second law of thermal dynamics. (See below)
I'm not sure I follow this, as I don't see the spread of galaxies creating entropy. If you're addressing the speed of light issue, I think
(although this is not my area of expertise) that our current understanding is that the farthest galaxies
appear to be moving faster than the
speed of light, as measured by red shift, but are in fact not. Also, if the universe is expanding such that the actual
fabric of spacetime is
stretching, the speed of light issue may well not apply, as it effects particles, not the structure of space, as such.
While the original mass breaks the first law of thermodynamics. (See below)
It's important to realize, though, that the laws of thermodynamics are formulated based on our current understanding of the universe and its laws.
At the big bang, this laws didn't exist as such. In the moments after the big bang, as matter and energy began to condense out of whatever hazy
cloud was there,
so too were the laws of our universe condensing out of that same cloud. So the existence of energy doesn't necessarily
violate the laws as they were at the time of the big bang. There is also something about this, I think, with Planck lengths and vacuum energy, but
I'm not knowledgeable enough about that to say anything.
the existence of the universe as we know it and all life depends on the perimeters, and values of the universe. (Protons, expansion rate, total
mass.) With even the slightest of deviation, existence becomes impossible.
Well, this is interesting speculation, but I think it actually disproves that there was a designer. If an omniscient, omnipotent being was to create
a universe for us, he could have done a lot better, and
not been tied to this physical constants at all. It simply could have been a plan that
stretched forever, plenty of room for people, etc.
Instead, we live in a universe which is largely hostile to life as we know it. Life can only exist at on a planet, at a distance from a star such
that liquid water forms. Most of the universe is completely and totally empty, and even in our own solar system, most of the real estate is simply
not habitable by humans. Even then, our little planet is not entirely safe, given the number of comets and asteroids roaming about the solar system,
not to mention potential gamma ray bombardment from a near-Earth supernova, etc.
There was recently a study (can't find the link) which argued that, if you look at the parameters of our universe, it is actually perfectly tuned to
create black holes. It was argued that, as a black hole is created, a new universe is formed, inheriting to some extent the laws of the previous
universe. Thus, you get a sort of 'universe evolution', where universes that can produce more black holes have more offspring, etc. Again, not my
specialty, so I'm not sure I've expressed that bit coherently or completely, but that's the gist as I understand it.
Thanks again for this discussion!
[edit on 16-7-2009 by suomichris]