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There is evidence from isolated cell experiments that zinc oxide and titanium dioxide can induce free radical formation in the presence of light and that this may damage these cells (photo-mutagenicity with zinc oxide). However, this would only be of concern in people using sunscreens if the zinc oxide and titanium dioxide penetrated into viable skin cells. The weight of current evidence is that they remain on the surface of the skin and in the outer dead layer (stratum corneum) of the skin.
www.tga.gov.au...
Think about this. Exposure to sun creates vitamin D, which isn't actually a vitamin, but let's just say Vitamin D is important. Vitamin D seems to be important in fighting cancer, it seems to help lift the "blues," may help with hernias, and helps your body to absorb calcium, plus more.
Ironically, while consumers apply sunscreen to stay healthy, the use of nanoparticles in sunscreen may prove riskier than sun exposure itself. Recent studies show ZnO and TiO2 can induce the formation of free radicals when exposed to light – and this may damage cells. Preliminary investigation into the ability of ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles to penetrate healthy skin has revealed conflicting results. Most studies have found that these nanoparticles do not reach the living cells. However, a few have suggested they do ("Toxic Potential of Materials at the Nanolevel"); and broken skin is ineffective as barrier for particles as large as 7,000 nm.
Manufactured nanoparticles present novel health and environmental risks that cannot be predicted from conventional materials. First, nanoparticles have unprecedented access to the human body. Unlike larger particles, once in the blood stream, nanoparticles have the ability to enter vital organs including the brain, heart, and liver, where they may disrupt normal cell activity7. When ingested, some nanomaterials may pass through the gut wall and circulate through our blood.
And some of those alternative ingredients, which Friends of the Earth ignored, troubled the Environmental Working Group. “In contrast to zinc and titanium, studies show that some traditional sunscreens like oxybenzone and octinoxate definitely absorb into healthy skin — in large amounts according to some studies.” — and act like estrogens in the body, raising risks for breast cancer, and showing effects like hormone-driven uterine damage in other studies,” it said.