reply to post by Dreemer
Perhaps this will clarify things for you, at least in respect of when the Swiss began making watches. It's from the
Federation of the Swiss Watch
Industry FH, which can be considered a reliable source in respect of Swiss watchmaking history:
The Swiss watch and clock industry appeared in Geneva in the middle of the 16th century. In 1541, reforms implemented by Jean Calvin and banning
the wear of jewels, forced the goldsmiths and other jewellers to turn into a new, independent craft : watchmaking. By the end of the century, Genevan
watches were already reputed for their high quality, and watchmakers created in 1601 the Watchmakers' Guild of Geneva, the first to be established
anywhere.
This extract comes from their site, which can be accessed
here. While the English version above might not
read perfectly I am sure Francophones will find the French version (on the site) to be quite adequate.
In short, the Swiss were well into the art of watchmaking in the latter half of the 16th century. However, they were not really suitable as shipboard
chronometers, where extreme accuracy and reliability under all conditions of heat, cold and humidity were vital to get an precise fix on longitude. As
you say, this had long been a problem and John Harrison was the first to create a chronometer that was able to meet the exacting standards required.
His first one was "H1", built between 1730 and 1735. (Not 1712, 1713 or 1715 as you have variously stated -- those dates refer to earlier, wooden
clocks that Harrison made and not his marine chronometer.)
For a reliable reference about this clock and some preserved, wooden ones made by Harrison I'd suggest the
National Maritime Museum's page on the subject, which gives information about his earlier wooden clocks
(which were
not built as sea-going chronometers) and also has a picture of his actual "H1" chronometer. The image link you have posted is not
of Harrison's actual "H1", but appears to be the one that was made by the Sinclair Harding firm, which began work on it in 1999 and finished it
after almost 5 years. It is about 3/4 of the size of the H1 and is not even a replica; rather, it was made "in homage" to John Harrison and
showcases some of his brilliant innovations. For full details and the image of this clock, go
here.
Edit to add: the reward you mention (the "Longitude Prize", created under an Act of Parliament and administered by the Longitude Board) was not
simply for a "portable clock". It had to be a clock that was sufficiently accurate under all the conditions that could exist on ships at sea, which
was why the challenge was so difficult. I understand that you are aware of this, but some readers might not be and would wonder at it.
Regards,
Mike
[edit on 21/12/08 by JustMike]