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"There is, however, no credible evidence of ongoing mass killing, physically enforced birth control, or forced intermarriage in Tibet. The claim of 1.2 million Tibetans dead, repeated by the TGIE and Tibet activists (Anon., 2001; Meek, 2002), Western politicians and media (CTA, 2004; Anon., 2004a), and thousands of websites is, moreover, inaccurate. Patrick French, ex-head of the UK Free Tibet Campaign, examined reports from which the 1.2 million dead claim is supposedly derived. He found them to be based on rumours and ‘constant, unchecked duplication’ of numbers. French determined that 1.07 million of the claimed deaths were male. There were only some 1.25 million Tibetan males at the time, yet with almost all males supposedly eliminated, Tibetans managed to double their numbers in the ensuing three decades (French, 2003, pp. 288 – 92). The Dalai Lama has also acknowledged that the 1.2 million figure is based on duplications and is in effect not reliable (Mei, 1998)". "More than a third of the 1.2 million deaths are said to be from famine. The figure is not based on eyewitness accounts or access to state statistics, and refugee reports have often been skewed to please exile authorities (Goldstein & Beall, 1991, p. 301). Thus, only indirect methods can roughly gauge the number of deaths. Australian-trained demographer Yan Hao examined the 1990 PRC census’s Tibetan age – sex cohorts and found a low male-to-female ratio among those 20 – 34 years old in 1960. That indicates a sharper decline during China’s famine years (1959 – 1962) among young males than other Tibetans, not compatible with famine, which tends to impact equally on men and women and disproportionately kill the very young or old. Yan shows that the famine period birth decline was 11.5 per cent among Tibetans, but 40 per cent among Han. The decline among Han was due only to famine, but the Tibetan decline had additional causes, including rebellion and emigration. He estimates famine period national excess deaths at 1.2 per cent of the population per year. Even assuming famine was as much a cause of decline in Tibetan births as Han births, the Tibetan excess death rate would have been 0.3 per cent per year, as the birth decline rate among Tibetans was only a quarter of the Han rate. If there were 2.5 million Tibetans at the start of the famine, fewer than 25,000 Tibetans would have died of famine in 1959 – 1962 (there are no reports of significant later famine deaths in Tibet), yet the e´migre´ claim is 413,000 (Yan, 2000)".