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A new wave of therapies can exert a magnetic hold over disease — literally. The therapies employ powerful, roughly spherical magnets to help kill carefully targeted diseased cells and nothing else. What makes these magnets special is their size. Each is about a thousandth the diameter of a human hair.
Most researchers in the field are designing these billionth-of-a-meter-scale magnets to serve as highly localized space heaters. Under the influence of an external magnetic field, the magnetic particles will warm to temperatures that will kill immediately adjacent cells.
Two U.S. research groups recently reported success in developing high-performance iron-cobalt nanomagnets for cancer therapy.
New studies by another group describe the ability to target, track and deliver killer heat with a weaker, but potentially less toxic, class of cobalt-free magnetic nanoparticles.
If these nanonuggets and their ilk perform as expected, they should increase cancer survival rates and lower the toxicity associated with conventional therapies. Indeed, MagForce Nanotechnologies AG, based in Berlin, is exploring the idea of making its tiny magnetic beads do double duty: heat-treat tumors in the body and at the same time deliver drugs directly into malignancies. Direct delivery should largely eliminate the poisoning of healthy tissue — a primary side effect of most existing cancer treatments.