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TWO FORMER SENIOR UN officials, and a group of journalists and academic researchers, on July 12, 2005, cast serious doubt on what they said were "highly inflated casualty figures and a misleading portrayal of events by governments, non-governmental organizations and major news organizations" with regard to the 1995 capture of Srebrenica, in Bosnia, by Bosnian Serb forces.
The Srebrenica Research Group, joined by former UN officials Philip Corwin and Carlos Martins Branco, released conclusions from their 200-page report "Srebrenica and the Politics of War Crimes" which said that US policy undermined UN and European brokered peace settlements, which could have ended the war in 1992 or 1993, in order to pursue a military solution which inevitably endangered safe zones. By facilitating shipments of illegal weapons to Muslim forces, the US helped turn safe zones into staging areas for conflict and tripwires for NATO intervention. The group, which will soon release the full report, announced the following conclusions:
The premise that Serbian forces executed 7,000 to 8,000 people "was never a possibility," according to former BBC journalist Jonathan Rooper, who investigated on site and through official records over many years the events which followed the capture of Srebrenica, and whose findings are presented in the upcoming report of the Srebrenica Research Group. He noted that by the first week of August 1995, 35,632 people had registered with the World Health Organization and Bosnian Government as displaced persons, survivors of Srebrenica, a figure which was later referred to [in] an Amnesty International report and the report of the Dutch Government.
Rooper noted that the International Committee of the Red Cross and The New York Times reported that about 3,000 Muslim soldiers who fought their way across Serb held territory to Muslim lines near Tuzla, were also survivors. The ICRC confirmed that these soldiers were redeployed by the Bosnian Army "without their families being informed." The figure of 3,000 soldiers who survived was also confirmed by Muslim Gen. Enver Hadzihasanovic, who testified at The Hague. These figures made it clear that at least 38,000 Srebrenica residents survived out of a population of 40,000 before the capture of the enclave. Around 2,000 Muslims who fled with the 28th Division were killed, most by fighting, but also hundreds executed by paramilitary units and a mercenary group.
The 8,000 figure is also incompatible with the basic arithmetic of Srebrenica numbers before and after July 1995. Displaced persons from Srebrenica—that is, massacre survivors-- registered with the World Health Organization and Bosnian government in early August 1995, totalled 35,632. Muslim men who reached Muslim lines “without their families being informed” totaled at least 2,000, and some 2,000 were killed in the fighting. That gives us 37,632 survivors plus the 2,000 combat deaths, which would require the prewar population of Srebrenica to have been 47,000 if 8,000 were executed, whereas the population before July was more like 37-40,000 (Tribunal judge Patricia Wald gave 37,000 as her estimate). The numbers don’t add up.
...any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethical, racial or religious group, as such:
(a) Killing members of the group;
(b) Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group;
(c) Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part;
(d) Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group;
(e) Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group.
– Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, Article II
Many Dutch soldiers said they had been upset and troubled by the sight of [Srebrenica Muslim] soldiers seeming to abandon their wives and children to the advancing Serbs...
The Yugoslav State Commission for War Crimes submitted a 132 page study presenting this Serbian suffering as early as May 24, 1993 to the United Nations Security Council. Representatives of Republika Srpska (the Bosnian Serb Republic) were not allowed to submit similar documents because Republika Srpska was not recognized by the United Nations. Yugoslavia, as a UN member state (since 1945) and one of its founding nations, was allowed to submit this document.
...
Many UN documents, crucial for understanding the civil wars in Bosnia in 1990's, were, on American insistence, declared classified.
....
By these acts and omissions Naser ORIC committed:
COUNT 1: MURDER, a VIOLATION OF THE LAWS OR CUSTOMS OF WAR, punishable under Articles 3 and 7 (3) of the Statute of the Tribunal and recognised by Article 3(1)(a) of the Geneva Conventions.
COUNT 2: CRUEL TREATMENT, a VIOLATION OF THE LAWS OR CUSTOMS OF WAR, punishable under Articles 3 and 7(3) of the Statute of the Tribunal and recognised by Article 3(1)(a) of the Geneva Conventions....
COUNT 3: WANTON DESTRUCTION OF CITIES, TOWNS OR VILLAGES, NOT JUSTIFIED BY MILITARY NECESSITY, a VIOLATION OF THE LAWS OR CUSTOMS OF WAR, punishable under Articles 3(b) and 7(3) of the Statute of the Tribunal.
COUNT 4: PLUNDER OF PUBLIC OR PRIVATE PROPERTY, a VIOLATION OF THE LAWS OR CUSTOMS OF WAR, punishable under Articles 3(e) and 7(3) of the Statute of the Tribunal.
COUNT 5: WANTON DESTRUCTION OF CITIES, TOWNS OR VILLAGES, NOT JUSTIFIED BY MILITARY NECESSITY, a VIOLATION OF THE LAWS OR CUSTOMS OF WAR, punishable under Articles 3(b) and 7(1) of the Statute of the Tribunal.
COUNT 6: PLUNDER OF PUBLIC OR PRIVATE PROPERTY, a VIOLATION OF THE LAWS OR CUSTOMS OF WAR, punishable under Articles 3(e) and 7(1) of the Statute of the Tribunal.
1) Islamist forces in Srebrenica waged a war of terror terror against Serbian civilians in nearby villages;
2) The supposed eyewitness accounts of a Serbian revenge massacre, though much trumpeted by the mass media, are not credible. Not only do witnesses contradict one another, but they tell different stories to different reporters;
3) There is no hard evidence that a massacre took place;
4) The western media routinely report mutually contradictory anti-Serb rumors as if they were unquestionably true;
5) Serbian observers have been falsely quoted as admitting the massacre took place;
6) And perhaps most important, Dutch military officers (the UN officers at the scene when the Serbs took Srebrenica in 1995) reported there was no massacre.
The Yugoslav State Commission for War Crimes submitted a 132 page study presenting this Serbian suffering as early as May 24, 1993 to the United Nations Security Council. Representatives of Republika Srpska (the Bosnian Serb Republic) were not allowed to submit similar documents because Republika Srpska was not recognized by the United Nations. Yugoslavia, as a UN member state (since 1945) and one of its founding nations, was allowed to submit this document.
...
Many UN documents, crucial for understanding the civil wars in Bosnia in 1990's, were, on American insistence, declared classified.