It looks like you're using an Ad Blocker.
Please white-list or disable AboveTopSecret.com in your ad-blocking tool.
Thank you.
Some features of ATS will be disabled while you continue to use an ad-blocker.
Some research would be nice before you chime in to debunk.
Originally posted by cutbothways
Some research would be nice before you chime in to debunk.
Originally posted by MrPenny
cutbothways is simply trolling the thread now. Has nothing to offer and is willfully ignoring the contributions of serious members.
Quit feeding him.
Originally posted by cutbothways
2700 views in three days.
That's what it's about. Getting
as many people as possible to
look into this stuff before it's
too late.
I could care less about the points
the stars, the flags.
I want people to read what I'm finding out, and I want the spraying to stop.
Originally posted by Essan
See for example:
www.nasa.gov...
www.imperial.ac.uk...
In this generator, a nose cone is mounted in the inlet of a cylindrical combustion chamber. Openings in the cone's surface admit combustion air into the chamber, and slots around the cone's base establish a boundary layer airflow along the chamber wall. A fuel injection nozzle mounted in the apex of the nose cone sprays an acetone solution of a silver iodide-sodium iodide complex into the chamber, where the resulting vapor is ignited. The combustion temperature and hence the vaporization of the complex is controlled by a choke that terminates the combustion chamber. A shell mounted around the combustion chamber ducts preheated air into a heat-insulated, choked chamber where the air quenches the growing nuclei. The resultant dispersion is expanded by a diverging tail portion of the shell.
Over our heads continually flow great rivers of water. Scientists estimate that these rivers carry six times as much water as those that flow on the ground. But these aerial rivers spill extremely little as they pass-less than one drop in ten.
There is, however, a way to make these sky rivers give up a little more water as they pass.
The nuclei that become the hearts of raindrops can be put into the rain-bearing clouds artificially. Several things may be used. By far the best is silver iodide. When vaporized, silver iodide yields about 600,000 billion particles per gram, each a potential raindrop. (There are 450 grams in a pound.) Only a few grams of silver iodide may affect many hundreds of cubic miles of cloud in a brief time.
Silver iodide provides a kind of tap for turning on the water in clouds where it's too warm for nature's own nuclei to be effective. Silver iodide begins to work when the tempera ture in the cloud is twenty-five degrees, whereas little happens with natural nuclei until the temperature is much lower.
Since most of the water is in the part of the cloud where silver iodide works-about three quarters of the cloud- silver iodide improves on nature's means for making rain.
: Let me first say that the cost of silver iodide is a fairly minor part of the total cost. The aeroplane is expensive; we have staff costs and the like. So we end up paying about $1-million a year, or a bit more now probably, to run a successful cloud-seeding program. But how we do it, is really quite simple. The aeroplane is fitted with two tanks, which have at the rear end of them, a burning chamber, very much like a blowtorch. And we dissolve the silver iodide in acetone, and spray it out through these blowtorch-type devices and light it up with a sparkplug, so the acetone is burned away, the silver iodide is left in the cloud in tiny, tiny crystals, they’re quite microscopic. But only tiny amounts of silver iodide are necessary to start the rain falling process. So in a whole day of cloud seeding, we might only use two or three kilograms of silver iodide, and that’s spread over many thousands of square kilometres of cloud.
Alexandra de Blas: How well does it pay?
Ian Searle: Cloud seeding pays quite handsomely. While I was active in the role of manager of the cloud-seeding group, we would spend about $1-million a year running the program, but it was worth, by my estimation, about $20-million extra to the company, in extra water storage or extra energy generated through the power stations.
Originally posted by cutbothways
The proof I have shown, say that persistant contrails
cannot exist without nearly 100% RHi, and then the
temperature has to be just right.
The combined moisture from the jet exhaust and the atmosphere will never be enough for the mixture to produce a cloud.
Background: Military planners have been interested in condensation trail (contrail) forecasts since World War II. Contrails can make any aircraft easy to locate by enemy forces, and no amount of modern stealth technology can hide an aircraft if it leaves a persistent contrail in its wake. In 1953, a scientist named H. Appleman published a chart that can be used to determine when a jet airplane would or would not produce a contrail. For many years, the US Air Force Global Weather Center used a similar chart to make contrail forecasts.
atmosphere sounding. Satellite Meteorology. Methods for retrieval of atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles.
384.0 7538 -33.5 -36.9 71 0.42 237 36 315.0 316.6 315.1
379.4 7620 -34.1 -37.8 69 0.39 235 35 315.3 316.7 315.4
362.8 7925 -36.5 -41.2 62 0.29 235 34 316.2 317.3 316.2
303.4 9144 -45.9 -54.7 36 0.08 235 40 319.5 319.8 319.5
300.0 9220 -46.5 -55.5 35 0.07 235 40 319.7 320.0 319.7
Most commercial jets fly between 8 and 12 km (26,000 and 39,000 feet, or roughly 350 hPa to 200 hPa).
If the atmosphere were warmer than the temperature indicated by the 100% line, a contrail could not form even if the relative humidity of the atmosphere were 100 percent
Both the temperature and humidity of the atmosphere help to determine whether a contrail can form. As the relative humidity in the atmosphere increases, the atmosphere is able to supply more moisture into the jet aircraft exhaust plume, and a contrail is more likely to form. The temperature of the atmosphere does not have to be as cold to form contrails at 60% relative humidity compared to 0% relative humidity.
...
Surprisingly, at cold temperatures ice clouds (including contrails) can form and persist at humidities lower than 100%. The red line (dash-double dot line) in the Appleman chart shows at what humidities contrails can persist (usually between 60% and 70% relative humidity). Thus, if the air is moist enough, and colder than (temperature profile is to the left of the red line), then the Appleman chart indicates that persistent contrails can form.
the USAF found that the forecasts using the Appleman method were correct about 60 to 80 percent of the time. Looking more closely at the data, they found that when no contrails were forecast, the forecast was correct 98 percent of the time! However, when contrails were forecast to occur, the forecast was correct only 25 to 35 percent of the time, and often failed to predict the occurrence of contrails.
Originally posted by cutbothways
So, what it boils down to, is that on a clear day, it's very, very unlikely that a contrail would form, let alone persist.
And I've already shown that NASA said it is impossible for clouds to form from contrails.
Last but not least.
the USAF found that the forecasts using the Appleman method were correct about 60 to 80 percent of the time. Looking more closely at the data, they found that when no contrails were forecast, the forecast was correct 98 percent of the time! However, when contrails were forecast to occur, the forecast was correct only 25 to 35 percent of the time, and often failed to predict the occurrence of contrails.
Pickle Lake, Ontario
286.6 9144 -51.8 -69.2 11
Santa Domingo
321.7 9144 -31.1 -65.2 2
Gray, Maine
304.3 9144 -43.2 -53.5 31
Tuscon, Arizona
315.7 9144 -33.0 -45.2 28
No contrails were observed for RHI < 55%.
None of the soundings show RHI > 72%, despite
the fact that the PIT rawinsonde must have passed
through contrail A on its way to the stratosphere. To
support a persistent contrail, the maximum PIT RHI from
the sonde would need to be increased by 35% or more.
The red line (dash-double dot line) in the Appleman chart shows at what humidities contrails can persist (usually between 60% and 70% relative humidity)
The combined moisture from the jet exhaust and the atmosphere will never be enough for the mixture to produce a cloud.