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The electron, much lighter than a proton and generally thought to be a pointlike particle, is about as fundamental an object for study as one can have in physics. Nevertheless, the electron's interaction with the vacuum is anything but simple. The theory of quantum electrodynamics (QED) predicts that an electron is perpetually grappling with virtual particles -- such as photons and electron-positron pairs -- emerging briefly from the surrounding vacuum.
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The Physics Story of the Year
The physics story of the year 2006 was, we believe, the new high precision (0.76 parts per trillion uncertainty) measurement of the electron’s magnetic moment by Gerald Gabrielse and his colleagues at Harvard University. Then in a second paper the same experimenters used the new moment in tandem with a fresh formulation of quantum electrodynamics (QED) provided by theoretical colleagues to formulate a new value for the fine structure constant (denoted by the letter alpha), the pivotal parameter which sets the overall strength of the electromagnetic force. The new value has an uncertainty of 0.7 parts per billion, the first major revision of alpha in 20 years. A comparison between this new value and values determined by other methods provides the best test yet of quantum electrodynamics (QED) (PNU 783; also see Physics Today, Aug 2006).
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