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The first report of a man-made self healing material was by the group of prof Scott White of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. They reported an epoxy system containing microcapsules. These microcapsules were filled with a (liquid) monomer. If a microcrack occurs in this system, the microcapsule will rupture and the monomer will fill the crack.
Damage to a spaceship's hull often begins as tiny surface cracks, which are invisible to the eye. These micro-thin cracks can also form underneath the surface of the material, where they are hidden from sight. Once these cracks form, they will grow until the material weakens and breaks. In order to prevent these tiny cracks from spreading, a new material has been developed that will sense damage and mend itself instantly. This self-healing ability could significantly prolong the life of the spacecraft.
• Composite material – it is an epoxy polymer composite that is made up from carbon, glass or Kevlar and a resin. This material can be used for building the spacecraft.
• Healing agent- the healing agent is a fluid called, dicyclopentadiene or DCPD. The fluid is in the form of encapsulated tiny bubbles that are spread throughout the composite material.
• Catalyst – the function of catalyst called grubb's catalyst is to enable the healing agent to heal the composite material. Catalyst and healing agent are separated until they are required to seal a crack.