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Ethnic Profiling in Europe
Studies of the criminal justice systems of many European countries have found pervasive evidence of ethnic and religious discrimination, particularly in the wake of the terrorist attacks in the United States in 2001 and in Spain in 2003. Irrefutable evidence of ethnic is hard to come by, however, due to many countries’ overly strict interpretation of data protection laws as precluding the gathering of any ethnicity-specific data. However, a 2001 European Commission Council Directive Implementing the Principle of Equal Treatment Between Persons Irrespective of Racial or Ethnic Origin (the “EU Race Directive”) explicitly authorizes the gathering of statistical information necessary to prove discrimination, which provides an opportunity to begin collecting such data.
pdc.ceu.hu..." target="_blank" class="postlink">Ethnic Profiling in Moscow Metro
The Moscow Metro Monitoring Study found that persons of non-Slavic appearance made up only 4.6% of the riders on the Metro system but 50.9% of persons stopped by the police at Metro exits. In other words, non-Slavs were, on average, 21.8 times more likely to be stopped than Slavs. At one station, non-Slavs were 85 times more likely than Slavs to be stopped by the police. By comparison, the highest rates detected in the United States and United Kingdom show that minorities are four or five times more likely than non-minorities to be stopped. This disproportion is massive and cannot
be explained on non-discriminatory, legitimate law enforcement grounds.
In a landmark case, State v. Soto, 734 A.2d 350 (N.J. Super. Ct. Law Div. 1996), a New Jersey court relied on statistical evidence to determine that the New Jersey State Police were engaging in unlawful racial profiling. The case involved 17 African-American defendants who were on trial for transporting illegal drugs after they had been arrested while driving on an interstate highway between Washington, D.C. and New York City. The defendants argued that the evidence against them was illegal because the
police unlawfully arrested them based on discriminatory enforcement of traffic laws in violation of the state constitution. As part of their legal defense, social psychologist Dr. John Lamberth conducted a statistical analysis of traffic stops on the highway during the month of June 1993 through the novel methodology of benchmarking and observational
monitoring. His study revealed that although only 13.5% of all drivers on the highway during the randomly-selected times were African American, 37.4% of all stops involved racial minorities. The differential yielded a statistically significant disparity: blacks were 4.85 times more likely to be stopped than whites. Presented with this strong statistical evidence, the court concluded that the New Jersey State Police were targeting blacks, an intentional and purposeful form of discrimination against African-Americans that violated the equal protection clause of the New Jersey State Constitution.
The court declared the evidence seized from these defendants as a result of the illegal stops and searches inadmissible. State v. Soto was a far-reaching legal precedent, signaling that racial profiling is not only an odious practice, it is also illegal.
Originally posted by Harassment101
Hi JamesMcMahn.
If I had been in this situation I probably would have done the same thing, its common sense that you don't reach in you waistband and then bring your arm up in a quick motion. This almost sounds like police assisted suicide.
That is why I take no chances. even the most innocent looking person can have a weapon. To this day no one has figured out why she did this.
I am not debating your call or your choice to feel safe by asking people to keep their hands where you can see them, or that you would have done the same thing. I Was specifically commenting on the fact that you felt that this happening to someone was "police assisted suicide."
Originally posted by JamesMcMahn
I said it almost sounds like police assisted suicide. If he had did it at normal speed then most likely nothing would have happened, but they said he did it in a "sudden motion", that is not a smart thing to do around an officer.
Originally posted by truthseeka
"they MAY have mistaken a SODA CAN for a gun."
Originally posted by JamesMcMahn
Originally posted by truthseeka
"they MAY have mistaken a SODA CAN for a gun."
They may have.
Originally posted by truthseeka
Originally posted by JamesMcMahn
Originally posted by truthseeka
"they MAY have mistaken a SODA CAN for a gun."
They may have.
I agree.
Between the shape, size, color, and writing similarities (guns also have writing like "Sprite," "Coca-Cola," or "7-Up" on them), I can see your point.
Originally posted by truthseeka
Originally posted by JamesMcMahn
Originally posted by truthseeka
"they MAY have mistaken a SODA CAN for a gun."
They may have.
I agree.
Between the shape, size, color, and writing similarities (guns also have writing like "Sprite," "Coca-Cola," or "7-Up" on them), I can see your point.
Originally posted by JamesMcMahn
If I saw someone reaching for for something shiny, I am going to be on the cautious side. In a split second what would you do? Would you wait for someone to possibly shoot you or would you take the shoot answer honestly.
If I saw someone reaching for for something shiny, I am going to be on the cautious side. In a split second what would you do? Would you wait for someone to possibly shoot you or would you take the shoot answer honestly.
Originally posted by Terran Blue
Semper, just out of curiousity, do you know what the term 'self righteous' means?
Originally posted by semperfortis
Look at the replies and it is clear you are attempting to explain space travel to a Seagull.
I know exactly what you are talking about and WE both know how it feels to be in life and death situations.
Yeah, how many times on these threads have we heard, "I watch Cops" HAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHA
I watch Shark too, but I am not a prosecutor.
They don't know JM, as simple as that. Of course they will now come an and postulate about their vast experience, but until you put the badge on, you can have no idea.
Originally posted by semperfortis
As you are probably aware the phenomenon of "Fight or Flight" is a valid psychological concept. The body goes through numerous physiological changes outside of the individuals control. A police officer, if he wants to be a good one and stay alive, MUST learn to control "Fight or Flight" and function on a level far different from the uninitiated or inexperienced.
first described by Walter Cannon in 1927. His theory states that animals react to threats with a general discharge of the sympathetic nervous system, priming the animal for fighting or fleeing. This response was later recognized as the first stage of a general adaptation syndrome that regulates stress
These catecholamine hormones facilitate immediate physical reactions associated with a preparation for violent muscular action. (Gleitman, et al, 2004) These include the following:
* Acceleration of heart and lung action
* Inhibition of stomach and intestinal action
* Constriction of blood vessels in many parts of the body
* Liberation of nutrients for muscular action
* Dilation of blood vessels for muscles
* Inhibition of tear glands and salivation
* Dilation of pupil
* Relaxation of bladder
* Inhibition of erection
Fight or Flight