The Constitution represents only a set of general principles out of which implementing statutes and codes have emerged. The success of the document in
remaining the foundation of American government is based on the fact that successive Congresses and Courts have been able to interpret it or readapt
it to the demands of changing times.
Article X states that the national (federal) government has only those powers that are delegated to it explicitly -- enumerated -- in the
Constitution. All other government powers fall by default to the states -- residual powers -- with the limitation that nothing prescribed by state law
can nullify any of the powers granted in the Constitution. Despite the fact that residual powers remained with the states, the "elastic clause" of
the Constitution (Article I, section 8) states that Congress shall have the authority to "make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for
carrying into Execution" the powers given to the federal government by the Constitution.
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