The classic evolutionary concept of spontaneous biogenesis involves living matter coming about from non-living material by chance. For example, let us
suppose that in a hypothetical primordial atmosphere, ammonia, water, methane and energy can combine to form amino acids. That this first step can
happen is indisputable and has been verified through laboratory experiment (such as in the famous Miller/Urey experiment of 1953). However, to proceed
beyond this point to living proteins by chance would involve a major miracle of such great proportion that one would think it easier to just accept
the obvious (that it didn't happen "by chance").
Amino acids are molecules that have a three-dimensional geometry. Any particular molecule can exist in either of two mirror-image structures that we
call left-handed and right-handed (in layman's terms). Living matter consists only of left-handed amino acids. Right-handed amino acids are not
useful to living organisms, and are in fact often lethal. The random formation of amino acids produces an equal proportion of left-handed and
right-handed molecules. This has been confirmed by laboratory experiment and is essentially what Miller produced in his famous test-tube experiment
(putting methane, ammonia, and water together and zapping them with electrical discharges.)
Life as we know it cannot consist of a mixture of left-handed and right-handed amino acids. So it would take an enormous sequence of coin-flips (in
which the coin came up heads each time) to come up with a protein that could constitute living matter. Yet there is more.
Proteins consist of amino acids linked together with only peptide bonds. Amino acids can also combine with non-peptide bonds just as easily. In fact,
origin-of-life experiments in the laboratory yield only about 50% peptide bonds. So, it would take another enormous sequence of coin flips to come up
with a protein that could constitute living matter. Yet there is more.
Any particular protein contains amino acids that are linked together in a particular sequence geometrically. At a minimum, that sequence must be
correct for any given protein at all the active sites which comprise about half of the amino acids in the protein. Proteins contain anywhere from 50
to as many as 1750 amino acids, depending on the particular protein.
There are about 20 common amino acids that comprise the basic building blocks of life. Any particular protein must have all the correct left-handed
amino acids joined with only peptide bonds with the correct amino acids at all the active sites. Yet there is more.
Let us consider the sequence of chemical reactions necessary for us (or rather, "nobody") to produce one particular protein contained in living
matter: One amino acid can combine with another amino acid in a condensation reaction to produce a peptide (two amino acids linked with a peptide
bond) and water. One peptide can combine with another peptide in a condensation reaction to produce a polypeptide and water. And so goes the sequence
of chemical reactions that supposedly can produce one protein essential to living organisms that can reproduce. Let's stop again, and consider what
has happened thus far.
Each condensation reaction described above is reversible. That is, it can occur in either the forward or the reverse direction. That means that
"randomness" would be consistent with things breaking down as they are being put together. But to top it off, the popular scenario involves things
happening in a primordial sea, implying an excess of water. Since a condensation reaction produces water, and there is already excess water in the
presence of the chemical reaction, there is much more opportunity for any complex molecule to break down into the more simple ones. Thus, a
polypeptide should combine with excess water to produce monopeptides, and a monopeptide should combine with excess water to produce amino acids. The
initial reagents of the supposed equations that are given as a pathway to life are favored, in the presence of excess water. Yet there is more.
Amino acids can react and form bonds with other chemical compounds, and not just other amino acids. Assuming that there is more in our "primordial
sea" than just amino acids and water, we will encounter scenarios where these other reactions will take place instead of the ones we want to produce
a protein.
An oxygen-rich atmosphere, such as we have today, is one example of what would ruin the chemical reactions proposed for the origin of life. It is for
this reason that we have the Oparin Hypothesis, which states that the atmosphere must have originally been reducing, rather than oxidizing, containing
very little free oxygen and an abundance of hydrogen and gases like methane and ammonia. Circular reasoning is employed to defend the Oparin
Hypothesis.
The above only considers the formation of a single protein, not to mention that there are many different kinds of proteins necessary to form the
simplest single-cell organisms. And we haven't even begun to address the formation of the various nucleic acids and other chemical constituents of
life, which must be simultaneously present (by "chance"). Finally, all these must occur in in a specific arrangement to form a complex structure
that would make for a reproducing organism (by "chance").
Many evolutionists are now proposing that not proteins, but DNA or RNA occurred first. Consider that this is moot, since the same amount of
information must be coded into the nucleic acid to synthesize a protein as is represented by design and structure of the protein itself. This makes
such scenarios to be at least as unlikely.
The spontaneous organization of nucleic acids into DNA or RNA suffers in concept from the same problems that the spontaneous organization of amino
acids suffers from. All nucleic acids must be right-handed, form particular bonds, in a particular arrangement, in chemical reactions that proceed in
a particular direction and aren't spoiled by other chemical reactions.
Some evolutionists are proposing that life originated not in a primordial sea but on some clay template. Again, this is moot, since the clay template
must by necessity be as complex as what is formed on the template. This makes such scenarios to be at least as unlikely. Furthermore, the evolution of
informational "defects" in the crystalline structures of clays has never been observed or demonstrated in theory. Shifting the medium for evolution
from biological molecules to polyaluminum silicates solves nothing.
The classic examples given for the formation of some of the basic building blocks of life by chance therefore lacks substance on a theoretical basis
both according to the principles of chemistry, the principles of probability and statistics, and the principles of basic information theory.
Without proper theoretical or experimental basis, a scientific hypothesis cannot be supported. The formation of living matter from non-living matter
by chance remains within the realm of speculation without foundation.
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I got this excerpt from
www.wiebefamily.org... best article I've read on the subject. Goes into alot of scientific detail. I recommend all
to read