As I understand it, the main trick to making steel is to mix the iron directly in with the charcoal when you build the fire. Then you need to have
powerful bellows that will force oxygen into the heart of the fire, and drive carbon into the iron.
Byrd, as always is right
and first. This was being done on a very limited scale, by most ancient cultures.
The African cultures that did this found a way to make it
economically.
You can do it with charcoal in your back yard, but you will need to burn bushels and bushels of charcoal to get a few ounces of steel output.
The English monarchs (especially Elizabeth I) actually forbade the making of steel without a special patent, because merchants were chopping down all
of England's bests forests in order to make charcoal. And the crown wanted to save the largest trees for making battleships.
What the cultures of Zimbabwe and Tanzania discovered, was to use the blast of bellows-air to drive the carbon upward through liquid iron. The
bubbles' surface area reached more of the iron, and made a lot more steel, than the old process of blowing
across the top of the fire.
Basically, this blast of air from below is how a Bessemer furnace works today.
They didn't need help from aliens, just some creativity and reasoning skills.
A short page abot the history of iron and steel:
www.topforge.co.uk...
.
[edit on 14-4-2006 by dr_strangecraft]