That's all based on thinking that we'll always have only silicon cpu's. Perhaps my reply elsewhere can help put some of this into perspective.
My recent neuron argument:
“Hawkins focuses mainly on the cortex, the most evolutionarily recent part of the brain.
the cortex, in his view, uses memory rather than computation to solve problems. Consider the problem of catching a ball. A robotic arm might be
programmed for this task, but achieving it is extremely difficult and involves reams of calculations. The brain, by contrast, draws upon stored
memories of how to catch a ball, modifying those memories to suit the particular conditions each time a ball is thrown. “
“The cortex also uses memories to make predictions. It is engaged in constant, mostly unconscious prediction about everything we observe. When
something happens that varies from prediction—if you detect an unusual motion, say, or an odd texture—it is passed up to a higher level in the
cortex’s hierarchy of neurons. The new memories are then parlayed into further predictions. Prediction, in Hawkins’ telling, is the sine qua non
of intelligence. To understand something is to be able to make predictions about it.”
www.reason.com...
“Apparently, neurons, themselves the tools of learning, smartly synthesize proteins where they are needed. Two recent publications demonstrate that
neurons are capable of localized translation in dendrites and in axons.”
www.jcb.org...
Are you going to argue with Christof Koch?
“From the perspective of Christof Koch’s Biophysics of Computation the situation is quite different. A neuron can no longer be viewed as a single
switch; it is more or less analogous to an integrated circuit chip.”
www.klab.caltech.edu...
Neurons aren’t powerful or unique? Neurons aren’t feasible? Conventional technologies will give us cognitive computing first, you say?
1. If we had a silicon chip that had as many ‘connections’ would it become intelligent? No. In neuronss the “software” and the “ROM
memory” are built in, even the RAM seems to be. There are certain areas or ‘parts’ that play important roles in consciousness, that wouldn’t
exist in a puddle or blob of neurons, but the fact remains that the power is in those neurons. Neurons process and they store memories. How do memory
capabilities fit into the mathematical model of trying to replicate “neuron power”?
2. It’s suggested that glial cells even help electrically ‘compute’, and it isn’t known how significant their function is. How do glial cells
fit into the mathematical model of trying to replicate “neuron power”?
3. Does anyone think that we will ever have self-repairing silicon chips? Neuron networks self-repair, and self-form, which would take serious
overhead of the software from the hardware. DARPA does have 3D chips in its thrust, but silicon chips are still flat for a reason.
4. Neurons grow in different shapes & sizes, with varying amounts & lengths of dendrites and axons. Why wouldn’t they all be exactly the same if
they aren’t special? How do rearranging, growing/stretching and expanding cells, with synaptic plasticity, fit into the mathematical model of trying
to replicate “neuron power”?
5. It’s suggested that neuron dendrites and axons reverse fire. How does that fit into the model?
6. Neuron can have up to roughly 100,000 dendrtic synapses, with multi-connected axons. How does that fit into the model? How big can this model get
until we decide to just use neurons instead?
7. Conventional computers use base 2 binary, and neurons are analog of about 25KHz. How much conventional CPU and RAM overhead will It consume to
crunch base 25K over base 2 (not even counting all of the other dynamics of neurons)?
8. Memories and synaptic weights involve biochemistry. How does that fit into the ‘simple’ model?
cbcl.mit.edu...
9. Right now we’re (publicly) using rat brain neuron networks to study neural processing and cognition. This appears to be a step in surpassing
human cognition. The NSF has awarded Demarse $500,000 to take his F22 brain findings, and research, to attempt to build a mathematical model of neuron
networks. While those “loose” findings would be important for progress, rat brain neuron nets are still nothing like humans. Not in neuron
types/capacity, or brain complexity.
10. We still don’t know exactly what goes on inside the neuron, yet you describe them as being ‘simple’…
Considering 1-10 (I’m sure there’s some things I missed), it seems obvious that trying to build a mathematical model of the brain’s neuron
‘computing’ processes, and trying to program that into hardware, would go against Occam’s Razor. All I see an “s curve” to reaching the
capability of proper neuron firing and ‘programming’ to ultimately reach super intelligence. Our brains with their “simple neurons” already
spank any computer out there in intelligence and cognition (at least from an unclassified standpoint), and a great deal of the brain is used for body
motor and life support systems – things these computers won’t need, and would have all the hardware extras that our brains don’t.
If we can perfect it then we can grow them in larger scales, and get both ‘hardware’ and ‘software’ coupled inside of each ‘processor’.
They’re already devoting significant computers to their efforts, this would be a matter of converting those over to “data acquisition hardware”
and building cube shaped “brains” that have massive bio-silicon interface chips (better than massive mea’s, must I explain?) on all sides; they
could even do more extravagant geometric shapes using silicon.. How isn’t it more feasible to choose neurons over conventional technologies, for
cognitive computing?
They could go rather far with this, using some current technologies alone. 1. They could start with "Doogie" strains of rats or mice, which have
increased learning and memory abilities. 2. Then, they could humanize them using stem cell treatments. This doesn’t actually humanize all of the
cells but rather sprouts human cells in mix. 3. An important key is whether or not spindle or mirror neurons can be harvested like this. 4. If so they
could then use developing “assembly line” technology to clone those cells in large scales giving them superior processor media. 5. Advanced
Nootropic drugs and bioengineering can further enhance cognitive capabilities.
www.princeton.edu...
en.wikipedia.org...
www.washingtonpost.com...
news.bbc.co.uk...
It wont ruin their goal even if #3 above isn’t possible, for at least two reasons. First, they’ll have advanced rat-human chimæra neuron media,
that includes more powerful rat cells in the mix. Second, they can simply use “suspended animation” technology to harvest live human brains which
would give them significant amounts of spindle and mirror neurons, to name two. Do you have "Organ Donor" checked on your license? Do ethical laws
apply to people that do?
www.websters-online-dictionary.org...
smh.com.au...#
Ignorance is ignoring clear evidence of something. Your blog provides no evidence, therefor, ignoring your blog is not synonymous to
ignorance.
You provide no evidence in a blog though.
Well, I suppose I havent directly proven that they do do it but I've demonstrated the MEA / neuron technology and proof of intent to do such a thing.
What proof would you really like though?
MEA’s:
www.mcs-download.com...
www.bio.dibe.unige.it...
www.its.caltech.edu...
www.neuro.gatech.edu...
www.nih.knaw.nl...&ActuatorsB(inpress).pdf
Purchase MEA's:
www.alascience.com...
www.biocell-interface.com...
soma.npa.uiuc.edu...
www.neuroexplorer.com...
www.multichannelsystems.com...
www.ayanda-biosys.com...
www.med64.com...
www.xensei.com...
www.nmi.de...
www.plexoninc.com...
www.cyberkineticsinc.com...
www.funetics.com...
Purchase Rat Brains / Neurons:
www.genlantis.com...
www.biocompare.com...
www.brainbitsllc.com...
www.gene-ethics-asia.com...
neuromics.com...
‘Yuck Factor’ and Stem Cell Sources:
www.foxnews.com... Lab Mice Grow Human Brain Cells After Injections)
www.princeton.edu... “Doogie” smart genetically engineered mice strain
news.bbc.co.uk... Stem Cells Grown From Dead Bodies
smh.com.au...# Reanimation
www.msnbc.msn.com... National Cord Blood Bank
www.physiciansforlife.ca... Abortions
Neuron Achievments:
www.wireheading.com... Hybrot
web.mit.edu... Hybrot
www.dice.ucl.ac.be... Neural Hardware
www.sciencedaily.com... F22 Brain
www.google.com...
www.bme.ufl.edu... Animat
web.mit.edu... Animat
brc.technion.ac.il... Learning
web.mit.edu... MEART
web.mit.edu...
www.fishandchips.uwa.edu.au... MEART
Some Quotes:
"Animats are artificial animals. The term includes physical robots and virtual simulations. Animat research, a subset of Artificial Life studies, has
become rather popular since Rodney Brooks' seminal paper "Intelligence without reason". The word was coined by S.W. Wilson in 1991."
en.wikipedia.org...
Neurally Controlled Simulated Robot: Applying Cultured Neurons to Handle an Approach / Avoidance Task in Real Time and a Framework for Studying
Learning in Vitro
web.mit.edu... :
“One of the main benefits of living neural networks as opposed to digital computing is a built in ability to learn based on experience. When
learning occurs, synaptic weights adjust (often referred to as synaptic plasticity) and thenceforth the system‘s behavior changes even if given the
same input conditions as before the learning had occurred. Finite State Automata theory breaks down when trying to emulate neural learning, because
the neurons can —rewire“ themselves automatically, thus changing the possible states the system may enter on a given input. Any change in synaptic
weights may therefore be considered a doubling of the states in the automaton. If one tries to emulate learning to infinite precision (since the
synaptic weights are analog), one may realize that the living neural network may actually have an infinite number of states. Though neural networks
are chaotic systems, infinite precision is probably not required to model an analog synapse. Even so, the number of finite states that a network of
neurons may enter may be unreasonably many to consider with standard automata theory. Given that learning may increase the processing power of living
neuronal networks”
...
"In this project, I showed that probing with varying delay between the probes produces a predictable non-linear response. I showed how to emulate
digital logic using such a response, thus proving that cultured neurons can theoretically execute a computer program with polynomial slow-down. I then
applied the living neurons to handle a more interesting real-world problem in real-time. In this project an animat was created that combines a living
neural network with a virtual body in an effort to create a system where the living neural network could be studied. The animat was successful at
tracking and maintaining distance from a reference object, which can be considered both an approach and avoidance task. Part of the robustness of the
animat in the current project is that it reacts more strongly when necessary to correct for error. Thus, if it has an error on some trial, the error
will not be fatal because in the next trial it will make up for it. The animat in this project is unique because I am replacing algorithmic components
of control with neural computation. In the animat, sensory information is encoded into stimulus information, which induces a given reaction in the
neural network. The behavior of the animat is determined solely on this neural response There is no algorithmic component converting sensory
information into animat movement. Thus, the animat demonstrates some of the computational power of cultured cortical neurons. Furthermore, the animat
provides a scheme for testing the effects of plasticity in cultured neurons, and these effects are visible through quantifiable measurements of
robotic behavior. The animat opens the door for additional experiments, both to determine interesting robotic behavior, such as tracking and following
a moving reference object, and to determine the effects of varying types of plasticity that may be induced. One may ask the question, —how much
intelligence does the animat display?“ An in-depth philosophical discussion of this topic is beyond the scope of this thesis, but one should
consider that the animat is handling a relatively difficult approach / avoidance task in real-time. A truly intelligent machine should of course be
able to handle a variety of tasks, including tasks that it has never faced before. To accomplish such a goal, more complex sensory information needs
to be encoded (rather than simply the direction and distance of a single object within the environment). Thus, an important future direction in the
development of this animat may involve the utilization of additional channels for stimulation. I hope that the animat built in this project is at the
beginning of its development cycle. In the near future, the animat can be converted into a real robot fairly simply. Small changes, such as
improvements to the mapping schemes to make them more dynamic can improve the performance of the animat. For example, with each step the animat takes,
the individual channel histograms used for lock/key decoding may be slightly modified. This will take into account any slight —drift“ in precisely
timed spikes over time."
Removing some ‘A’ from AI: Embodied Cultured Networks
www.neuro.gatech.edu...
“We wish to continue this trend by studying the network processing of ensembles of living neurons that lead to higher-level cognition and
intelligent behavior.”
“A better understanding of the processes leading to biological cognition can, in turn, facilitate progress in understanding neural pathologies,
designing neural prosthetics, and creating fundamentally different types of artificial inteligence.”
“By using biology directly, we hope to remove some of the 'A' from AI.”
“No one would argue that environmental interaction, or embodiment, is unimportant in the wiring of the brain; no one is born with the innate ability
to ride a bicycle or solve algebraic equations. Practice is needed. An individual's unique environmental interactions lead to a continuous
'experience-dependent' wiring of the brain [1]. This makes evolutionary sense as it is helpful to learn new abilities throughout life: if there are
some advantageous features of an organism that can be attained through learning, then the ability to learn such features can be established through
evolution (the Baldwin effect) [2]. Thus, the ability to learn is innate (learning usually being defined as the acquisition of novel behavior through
experience [3]). “
“We use biological neural networks not as substitutes to artificial neural networks, but to tease out the intricacies of biological processing to
inform future development of artificial processing. In particular, we analyzed how the properties of neurons lead to real-time control and adaptation
to novel environments.”
“New findings about the dynamics of living neural networks might be used to
design more biological, less artificial AI.“
“Environmental deprivation leads to abnormal brain structure and function, and environmental exposure shapes neural development. Similarly,
patterned stimulation supplied to cultured neurons may lead to more robust network structure
and functioning than with trivial or no stimulation. The most dramatic examples of the importance of embodiment come from studies during development,
when the brain is most malleable. “
Distributed processing in cultured neuronal networks
Steve M. Potter 2001
www.neuro.gatech.edu...
“An embodied culture capable of behaving may then exhibit changes in behavior as a result of experience, that is, learning.”
Learning in Networks of Cortical Neurons
brc.technion.ac.il...
Goded Shahaf and Shimon Marom November 15, 2001
“Learning a new behavioral task is an exploration process that involves the formation and modulation of sets of associations between stimuli and
responses“
“The experiments described above show that sufficient conditions for the realization of learning by a selection process, ithout the involvement of a
neural rewarding entity, are embodied in large random networks of neurons maintained ex vivo. These networks form a large space of connectivity
configurations that are stable over many hours. The connectivity can be modulated by external focal stimulation in an activity-dependent manner. Most
importantly, the networks explore the space of possible responses and stabilize at configurations that remove the stimuli.”
“Specifically, we show that, during regular low-frequency stimulation, the network explores a large space of possible connections and can be
instructed to select and stabilize one or a subset of them by withdrawing the stimulus at the point that the connection is observed.”
HYBROTS: HYBRIDS OF LIVING NEURONS AND ROBOTS FOR STUDYING NEURAL COMPUTATION
web.mit.edu...
“By combining small networks of real brain cells, computer simulations, and robotics into new hybrid neural microsystems (which we call Hybrots), we
hope to determine which neural properties are essential for the kinds of collective dynamics that might be used in artificially intelligent
systems.”
“If we and others are successful with this new approach, we will learn the cell- and network-level substrates of memory, thought, and behavioral
control, and may then be able to develop more brain-like artificial intelligences.”
TeraGrid:
www.nsf.gov...
kb.iu.edu...
www.teragrid.org...
www.npaci.edu...
ASC:
www.llnl.gov...
www.sandia.gov...
Government Manifesto's:
www.wtec.org...
www.darpa.mil...
www.darpa.mil...
www.darpa.mil...
science.slashdot.org.../02/02/029246&from=rss
www.darpa.mil...
www.hpcuserforum.com...
www.darpa.mil...
www.semgrid.net...
www.darpa.mil...
www.tolerantsystems.org...
www.darpa.mil...
www.nano.gov...
is.arc.nasa.gov...
www.isprs.org...
www.nsf.gov...
www.sandia.gov...
Quantum Computing:
www.physorg.com...
www.qubit.org...
blogs.zdnet.com...
www.theage.com.au...
www.darpa.mil...
Google:
en.wikipedia.org...
www.boston.com...
blog.myspace.com...
www.google-watch.org... Must See
blogs.pcworld.com...
www.businessweek.com...
news.com.com...
en.wikipedia.org...
www.techtree.com...
Tracking:
www.its.dot.gov... Vehicle GPS and street cameras
dtsn.darpa.mil...
Combat Zones that See (CTS): What the street cameras are really used for
www.biomark.com...
www.digitalangelcorp.com...
tagged.kaos.gen.nz...
www.rfidjournal.com... NASA’s GPS tracking system
www.lonelantern.org...!.wmv
www.lonelantern.org...
www.forbes.com...://www.forbes.com/video/fvn/business/tm_dangl&id=murphy_digital&title=Video: Tech
Guardians&tab=Technology
www.4verichip.com...
www.verichipcorp.com...
www.epic.org...
www.missingkids.com... Abduction National Average (keep in mind if the
news begins a huge kidnapping media campaign)
blog.myspace.com... RFID
Overview
www.rfidjournal.com... RFID Zapper
cq.cx... Proximity Card Cloning
cq.cx... Verichip Cloning
www.spychips.com... Verichip Hacked
www.chicagotribune.com... DoD’s Cyberstorm
www.ocregister.com... Mileage Tax Proposed
www.informationweek.com... New Jersey Grade School Institutes Iris Scanning
www.usatoday.com... Checkout fingerprint scanners
www.theregister.co.uk... Cell phone GPS
Behavior Modification:
www.iwar.org.uk... DOD’s Information Operations Roadmap plus extras
www.nsf.gov... Must See
patft.uspto.gov.../netahtml/srchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=5,159,703.WKU.&OS=PN/5,159,703&RS
=PN/5,159,703 Non-Detectable Subliminal Messaging System
patft.uspto.gov.../netahtml/search-bool.html&r=2&f=G&l=50&co1=AND&d=ptxt&s1=subliminal.TTL.&s2=m
essage.TTL.&OS=TTL/subliminal%20AND%20TTL/message&RS=TTL/subliminal%20AND%20TTL/message Subliminal message generator
www.subliminalsex.com... Proof they use subliminal messaging on TV
www.fair.org... .gov propagandists at CNN
www.sfgate.com.../news/archive/2005/10/25/financial/f133702D73.DTL Remote Control for Humans
www.birf.info... Neuro-stimulation
www.world-science.net... Scientists proved subliminal messages do affect our brains
www.smh.com.au... Governments Neuro “Hive Mind” goals
www.mackwhite.com... Television and the Hive Mind
www.alexansary.blogspot.com... Great site
www.druglibrary.org...
en.wikipedia.org...
www.livescience.com... Mirror Neurons
Some collective society quotes:
www.wtec.org... (.gov document)
"With knowledge no longer encapsulated in individuals, the distinction between individuals and the entirety of humanity would blur," the report
says. "Think Vulcan mind-meld. We would perhaps become more of a hive mind - an enormous, single, intelligent entity."
"The collective vision, called The Communicator here, draws together numerous applications and sciences."
"Cognitive scientists can help teams reflect on this division of labor in ways that facilitate collaboration and collective learning (Hutchins
1995)."
"Complex systems studies range from detailed studies of specific systems to studies of the mechanisms by which patterns of collective behaviors
arise,"
"Six increasingly interconnected megatrends (Fig. A.16) are perceived as dominating the science and engineering (S&E) scene for the next several
decades: (a) information and computing, (b) nanoscale science and engineering, (c) biology and bio-environmental approaches, (d) medical sciences and
enhancement of human physical capabilities, (e) cognitive sciences and enhancement of intellectual abilities, and (f) collective behavior and systems
approaches."
"Cognitive sciences and enhancement of intellectual abilities. This area is
concerned with exploring and improving human cognition, behavior, and
intellect. Enhancing communication and group interaction are an integral part of improving collective behavior and productivity."
"Collective behavior and systems approach. This area uses concepts found in architecture, hierarchical systems, chaos theory, and various disciplines
to study nature, technology, and society. It may describe a living system, cultural traits, reaction of the society to an unexpected event, or
development of global communication, to name a few examples. Recognition of the value of systems approaches increased in the late 1990s."
"But it is important to note that there is a melding of human and S&E development here: human development, from individual medical and intellectual
development to collective cultures and globalization, is a key goal."
"Four transforming tools have emerged: nanotechnology for hardware, biotechnology for dealing with living systems, information technology for
communication and control, and cognition-based technologies to enhance human abilities and collective behavior."
"Nanoscience and nanotechnology development are necessary contributing
components in the converging advancements in S&E, including those
originating in the digital revolution, modern biology, human medical and
cognitive sciences, and collective behavior theory."
"Efforts must center on individual and collective human advancement, in terms of an enlightened conception of human benefit that embraces change
while preserving fundamental values."
"Table 1. Main improvement areas relative to an individual: External, collective Enhanced group interaction and creativity Unifying science education
and learning"
"Figure 2. Vision of the world as a distributed, interconnected brain with various architectural levels that can empower individuals with access to
collective knowledge while safeguarding privacy."
"A networked society of billions of human beings could be as complex compared to an individual human being as a human being is to a single nerve
cell. From local groups of linked enhanced individuals to a global collective intelligence, key new capabilities would arise from relationships
created with NBIC technologies."
"Far from unnatural, such a collective social system may be compared to a larger form of a biological organism. Biological organisms themselves make
use of many structures such as bones and circulatory system. The networked society enabled through NBIC convergence could explore new pathways in
societal structures, in an increasingly complex system (Bar-Yam 1997)."
"Improving our ability to collectively improve ourselves (see also Spohrer 2002) Generations Several Key Advancements (human kind, tools and
technology, communication)
-m Cell, body and brain development
- 100,000 Old Stone Age (Paleolithic), Homo Erectus, speech
-10,000 Homo Sapiens, making tools
-500 Mesolithic, creating art
-400 Neolithic, agricultural products, writing, libraries
-40 Universities
-24 Printing
-16 Renaissance in S&T, accurate clocks
-10 Industrial revolution
-5 Telephone
-4 Radio
-3 TV
-2 Computers
-1 Microbiology, Internet
0 Reaching at the building blocks of matter (nanoscience)
Biotechnology products
Global connection via Internet; GPS/sensors for navigation
Unifying science and converging technologies from the nanoscale
Nanotechnology products
Improving human performance advancements
Global education and information infrastructure
1 Converging technology products for improving human physical and
mental performance (new products and services, brain connectivity,
sensory abilities, etc.)
Societal and business reorganization
n Evolution transcending human cell, body, and brain?"
"Converging technologies are at the confluence of key disciplines and areas of application, and the role of government is important because no other
participant can cover the breadth and level of required collective effort. Without special efforts for coordination and integration, the path of
science might not lead to the fundamental unification envisioned here."
In the next century (or in about five more generations), breakthroughs in
nanotechnology (blurring the boundaries between natural and human-made molecular systems), information sciences (leading to more autonomous,
intelligent machines), biosciences or life sciences (extending human life with genomics and proteomics), cognitive and neural sciences (creating
artificial neural nets and decoding the human cognome), and social sciences (understanding memes and harnessing collective IQ) are poised to further
pick up the pace of technological progress and perhaps change our species again in as profound a way as the first spoken language learning did some
one hundred thousand generations ago."
"Social science advances (obtained from studies of real systems as well as
simulations of complex adaptive systems composed of many interacting
individuals) will provide fresh insights into the collective IQ of humans, as
well as interspecies collective IQ and the spread of memes. A meme, which is a term coined by the author and zoologist Richard Dawkins, is a habit, a
technique, a twist of feeling, a sense of things, which easily flips from one
brain to another."
"Bees (220 million years ago): New species and agent; social insect with
memes, collective IQ"
I’ll have a couple more topics later…
