PODcast: GEEK ALERT: Quakes trigger Quakes (reply 7)
Replies to sofi and loam

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Thanks TA, loam.

TA - I listened to your podcast, but need to go back to it when I am less distracted, so won't comment right now.

I am posting some of my notes, with links. Briefly, I have been searching for info on 1) complexity theory as it applies to earthquakes and other geophysical phenomena, 2) seismic wave amplification, and 3) feedback loops between internal and external magnetic radiation. ...I am investigating the hypothesis that the planet's structure is a complex adaptive system - not just a complex system. Probably heretical.


Note: Just as info about ice age cycles that was openly discussed in 1970's publications now has 'disappeared' from the public domain, so has discussion about complexity theory as it applies to geophysical phenomenon like earthquakes. ...There should be much, much more than there is, with more detail and description of the complex system, as well as delineation of the components/factors - and especially, synthetic factors resulting from industrial activity. This dearth of information is especially odd considering complexity theory was born from geophysical studies, and a desire to predict earthquakes.

Re: Seismic Wave Amplification:

I found one particularly intriguing reference to the fact that geology can create underground "lens structures" that focus S-waves (at least), and amplify them - but so far, not much else on this phenomenon. However, it does have some promise to help explain potential impacts from voids or now-empty chambers, and oil fields.

"our results suggest that a contact between high velocity material underlying the Santa Monica Mountains and low velocities of the Los Angeles Basin is warped to form a 3D lens that focuses waves arriving from the north on sites in mid-Santa Monica. ...enhanced damage in Santa Monica is explained in the main by focusing due to a lens structure at a depth of several km beneath the surface, and having a finite lateral extent.

...The reason why the difference of S-wave amplification factors between the central and northern parts of Santa Monica is significantly larger than the coda amplification factors, is that S-wave energy is focused on the stations through the lens, while coda wave rays, being omnidirectional, are not."

Localized Amplification of Seismic Waves

A COMPLEX SYSTEM VIEW OF WHY STOCK MARKETS CRASH

"A central property of a complex system is the possible occurrence of coherent large-scale collective behaviors with a very rich structure, resulting from the repeated non-linear interactions among its constituents: the whole turns out to be much more than the sum of its parts. ...It turns out that most complex systems around us do exhibit rare and sudden transitions, that occur over time intervals that are short compared to the characteristic time scales of their posterior evolution. Such extreme events express more than anything else the underlying "forces" usually hidden by almost perfect balance and thus provide the potential for a better scientific understanding of complex systems. These crises have fundamental societal impacts and range from large natural catastrophes, catastrophic events of environmental degradation, to the failure of engineering structures, crashes in the stock market, social unrest leading to large-scale strikes and upheaval, economic drawdowns on national and global scales, regional power blackouts, traffic gridlock, diseases and epidemics, etc. It is essential to realize that the long-term behavior of these complex systems is often controlled in large part by these rare catastrophic events..."

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"But because there are so many constituents in a large system, their multiple relations generate a relational network that can be highly complex, variegated, and surprising."
SYNTHETIC ANALYSIS OF COMPLEX SYSTEMS I - THEORIES

Infeasibility of Rebuilding New Orleans

The river is moving away from the city. The city is sinking because of its weight, because no upbuilding by new muck for many decades, because of being cut off from the fresh water, because it is sliding off a cliff (the Continental Shelf), and because the Oil and Gas Industry is extracting oil out from under it. It is a city that for all intents and purposes is now Sea domain.


Biggest Cost of Oil: Land-Mass Destruction

The dirty secret of the Oil and Gas business is that in order to get it out of the ground, you have to do things that are messing up the structure of the planet. When you pump the stuff out, the land subsides. It goes down not only from the volume of fuel removed, but also from the volume of all of the other stuff removed as well. ...The deeper the recovery site, the more certainly these effects are seen, but over wider areas involving hundreds of miles.

This is causing the earth to slide. The Norphlet structure which dives below the surface at Tuscaloosa Alabama and across to about Shreveport, La, and well into Texas is 50,000 feet down at the lowest end of Petronius. Petronius, 65 miles south of the opening of Mobile Bay, is an old river delta that is now sliding into the ocean because of Oil and Gas Extraction. The slide is about 1 foot a year and accelerating, taking the whole region -- an area of about 100,000 square miles -- into the deep Gulf of Mexico.

...The industry is very familiar with this problem although they have not publicized it.


Hurricanes are Seismic Events

It is during Hurricanes that this land loss becomes apparent to the public. Hurricanes settle the land by seismic effects of their waves together with washing action. The force of hurricane-driven waves can easily reach seismic values of a 3.0 on the Richter scale -- repeated every few moments for many hours. This causes liquefaction, settling, erosion and triggers slides. A hurricane the size of Katrina is a Geologic event as much as it is a weather event.

.....Subsidence due to oil and gas extraction is historically documented and ongoing damage can be confidently declared to be fact. The damage these guys are doing is horrid. ...Maybe if we were publicly discussing oil’s true cost – destruction of cities and whole land areas -- a rational decision will be possible.

PODcast: GEEK ALERT: Quakes trigger Quakes (reply 8)
Talking about seismic wave amplification via subsidence and seismic lensing.

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Michael C. Ruppert on Petrocollapse

We are witnessing government response to Peak Oil now. In my earlier presentation I have made it clear that that response will include only measures which protect the financial elites and major corporations. They include:

1. Rationing
2. More Coal and Nuclear – Emphasis on Fisher-Tropsch Coal-to-Liquids Conversion.
3. Suspended Environmental and Drilling Restrictions
4. Protection of Critical Infrastructure
5. Strengthening and Reinforcing Domestic Military Operations – Suspension of Posse Comitatus
6. Suspension and Relaxation of Labor and Minimum Wage Laws.
7. Changing and Tightening the Bankruptcy Laws Allowing Fewer Distressed Consumers to Discharge Debts.
8. Allowing and Facilitating Population Reduction through Famine and Disease.
9. Strengthening and Giving More Power to FEMA.
10. Destroying Demand Through Economic Collapse and Allocating Scarce Resources – by Force if Necessary – to Protect the Interests of the Wealthiest Communities and Interests in the Country.
Accordingly, I have developed five rules which should be used as a guide for all who understand Peak Oil, who appreciate both its imminence and significance, and who wish to do something to increase their chances for survival as our long emergency now begins:

1. There is no combination of alternative energy sources anywhere that will enable current consumption and growth to continue.

2. Even if there were, it takes 30 years and lots of capital investment to change an energy infrastructure. Peak Oil is here now. The current infrastructure will not be rebuilt or even well maintained. The return on that investment for the financial elites is “uncertain” and they will not spend any more than they have to on band aid solutions until the crash becomes apparent.

3. No government entity (federal or state) will do (or be able to do) anything to solve Peak Oil and energy shortages. The political system is utterly and irretrievably broken.

4. Until you change the way money works, you change nothing. It will be more profitable to let decline, starvation, wars, disease and famine occur than it will be to prevent them (Disaster Capitalism).

5. All real solutions will be place-based, local and originate at the grass roots, independent of government. What saves you and your family will be determined by what and who is in your own neighborhood and what kind of cooperation has been achieved there.

Scientists Drill Into Quake Fault

Scientists now have their first direct view inside the notorious San Andreas Fault in California.

After drilling down two miles and making a turn to reach the zone where two major crustal plates come together, the geologists of the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) crossed over from the granite rock that makes up the ground to the west of the fault at Parkfield, Calif., and into the softer sediments to the east.

In between they discovered a 240-meter-wide zone which appears to be where all the quakes take place.

"We have successfully drilled across the San Andreas Fault," announced SAFOD geophysicist Mark Zoback of Stanford University. ...The Parkfield section of the San Andreas was chosen because it has about 10,000 tiny quakes each year. ..."It's a natural earthquake machine," said Zoback.

Among the central questions scientists hope to answer is exactly how earthquakes begin and if they all do it in the same way, explained SAFOD investigator William Ellsworth of the US Geological Survey. ...There is also the possibility they may discover some precursor signals to quakes that might be of use in earthquake prediction.

Warping Light From Distant Galaxies Is More Than a Pretty Halo

Light from a distant galaxy bends around an intervening one, forming a halo. The phenomenon helps astronomers weigh entire galaxies.

The halos, known as Einstein rings, are mirages. In each case, astronomers say, they are a result of light rays from a distant galaxy being bent around an intervening galaxy as in a lens. They are among the most elegant manifestations of gravity's ability to bend light, as decreed by Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity.

A hundred or so gravitational lenses are now known in which a galaxy or cluster of them produces arcs or multiple images of a distant quasar. But for a perfect bull's-eye one galaxy must be lined up behind another at the right distance. This geometry is so rare that until last week only three complete Einstein rings were known.

To look for more, Dr. Bolton and his colleagues combed through data from 200,000 galaxies obtained in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, an effort to measure colors and distances of about 100 million objects, including a million galaxies. They used the Hubble to examine 28 candidates. They found 19 gravitational lenses, including 8 rings.

Glossary

gravitational waves: Distortions of space geometry that propagate through space with the speed of light, analogous to ripples on the surface of a pond propagating as water waves.

gravitational wave astronomy: Nascent discipline of astronomy which aims at using gravitational waves to gain information about cosmic objects or the cosmos as a whole - for instance about what's happening in the core region of a supernova, about neutron star or about the heated past of our universe. ...So far, though, scientists are still working on the first direct detection of gravitational waves using highly sophisticated gravitational wave detectors, after which gravitational wave astronomy is hoped to begin in earnest.

gravitational wave detector: Currently, scientists world wide are attempting the direct measurement of gravitational waves reaching us from the depths of space. They are mainly using two types of detectors: interferometric detectors like GEO 600 and the LIGO detectors, and resonant detectors.

Geologists have warned that the simmering Mount Merapi volcano could blow its top in the wake of the powerful quake that devastated swathes of Indonesia's main island of Java.

"Theoretically as well as statistically, there is a very large possibility that tectonic activities trigger or increase volcanic activities," Syamsulrizal, who works at Indonesia's national vulcanology office, said Tuesday.

Quake activity near a dormant volcano may "switch it on," while already active volcanoes could see more intense rumblings, said the head of the office's department for disaster risk evaluation.

Originally posted by valkeryie
source

I have long thought this myself. Removing fluids from the earth can cause earthquakes. So can injecting fluid to replace the oil. I have noticed that most earthquake activity lately, surprisingly has been around where the current major oil fields are.

Oil wells cause earthquakes

In 1958, a geologist calculated that injecting fluid into the ground increases the chance of earthquakes. Thirty-one years later, another geologist has shown the reverse: pumping gas or oil out of the ground can also trigger earthquakes.

Pumping out underground crude contracts the rock in oil reservoirs and sets up large pressure changes over short distances, Paul Segall of the U.S. Geological Survey in Menlo Park, Calif., calculates in the October GEOLOGY. Vertical contraction makes the ground above the reservoir sink, while horizontal stresses pull surrounding rock inward. If the pull becomes strong enough to shear the rock, an earthquake results.

Lord, help us in our stupidity and greed. .........

Study: Quakes Trigger Quakes (Discovery Channel), 10/13

Oct. 13, 2005 ? Large earthquakes have long been suspected but rarely
convicted of triggering lesser quakes near and far, and now a theory is
starting to explain how they do it. What matters most is how "loud" the
seismic trigger shock is at a distance from the epicenter, rather than
which particular seismic note a main shock sings through the ground.

dsc.discovery.com...

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They compared records from a number of remotely triggered quakes and found that the most important factor was amplitude, not frequency, just as in the laboratory.