Sumerians show why a natural interpretation of evolution is false

originally posted by: Ksihkehe

originally posted by: neoholographic
a reply to: DaRAGE

Let me explain what I think happened.

God created Adam and there was genetic engineering involved to prepare the human body for our souls and the Spirit of God. This is why God carried out a surgery on Adam to create Eve.

God didn't have to make Eve this way. He could have made Eve from the dust of the ground as He did Adam.

Also, it's important to give your life to Christ.

Here we get to the real meat of your argument. Religious dogma.

You keep saying poof like things happened over the course of a night. It didn't. The reason it seems illogical to you is that you're fabricating illogical things that don't reflect reality.

Yes

originally posted by: Klassified
a reply to: neoholographic
Nothing you've said changes the theory of evolution in any way.

Sure it does.

If you accept the fantasy of a natural interpretation of evolution, you have to explain where this explosion of information came from that's encoded in the sequence of a storage medium(DNA) and information is also encoded to build the machinery to decode this information.

You also have to explain this explosion of knowledge. We went from drawing animals on cave ways to astrology, mathematics. building palaces and places of worship, writing and more with no evidence of any of these things evolving over time.



The real dogma is with those who accept the illogical fantasy of a natural interpretation of evolution.

a reply to: neoholographic

The fallen angels were apparently, according to the book of Enoch, a great acceleration for the understanding and knowledge of humankind, and it would have occurred about 5000-some years ago according to the biblical timeline. In Sumerian history these are likely the Anunnaki. As always, intelligence comes from intelligence, not unintelligence... which is why evolutionary theory is a philosophical dead end.

originally posted by: Ksihkehe

Here we get to the real meat of your argument. Religious dogma.

You keep saying poof like things happened over the course of a night. It didn't. The reason it seems illogical to you is that you're fabricating illogical things that don't reflect reality.

originally posted by: FinallyAwake
All i see here is Indoctrination blinding someone from thinking logically 😕

Have either of you considered that your bias against religion has prevented you from thinking logically? You make these comments as though anyone who thinks differently from you must be under the spell of blind belief. Everything I have seen from Neo's threads have shown that he is very much a free thinker. I also followed free thought without bias and came to very similar conclusions to him. Stop making blanket assumptions about people who believe differently than you.

a reply to: neoholographic
...and again, none of your points debunk evolution theory, but lets examine this "explosion of knowledge" you speak of.
What you see as an explosion of knowledge is more likely missing pieces of history. No academic that I am aware of has stated that our present understanding of the past completes the story of human life on Earth. We learn more all the time, so using what we know at present is an incomplete picture at best, because we'll add to that knowledge tomorrow.
What looks to be so sudden from our perspective isn't necessarily. Just because we haven't found evidence of those who passed down their knowledge to the Sumerians, doesn't meant they don't exist. As has been oft quoted here...
"Absence of evidence does not mean evidence of absence."
Also, as has been stated already in this thread, when humans have time to think about concepts beyond daily survival, we can be quite creative and innovative, and in a relatively short amount of time.

I don't think there can be much argument at this point that evolution has merit, but as with all scientific study, evolution theory will also undergo changes as we understand more. It is not a finished science and neither is our current perception of the archaeological record.

originally posted by: cooperton
a reply to: neoholographic

The fallen angels were apparently, according to the book of Enoch, a great acceleration for the understanding and knowledge of humankind, and it would have occurred about 5000-some years ago according to the biblical timeline. In Sumerian history these are likely the Anunnaki. As always, intelligence comes from intelligence, not unintelligence... which is why evolutionary theory is a philosophical dead end.

originally posted by: Ksihkehe

Here we get to the real meat of your argument. Religious dogma.

You keep saying poof like things happened over the course of a night. It didn't. The reason it seems illogical to you is that you're fabricating illogical things that don't reflect reality.

originally posted by: FinallyAwake
All i see here is Indoctrination blinding someone from thinking logically 😕

Have either of you considered that your bias against religion has prevented you from thinking logically? You make these comments as though anyone who thinks differently from you must be under the spell of blind belief. Everything I have seen from Neo's threads have shown that he is very much a free thinker. I also followed free thought without bias and came to very similar conclusions to him. Stop making blanket assumptions about people who believe differently than you.

Good points and this was also in the Book of Enoch.

It's sad that people stop thinking when their belief is challenged.

a reply to: Klassified

Sorry, you're wrong.

We can see the Sumerians knowledge was passed down through Babylon, Greece, Rome and even can be seen today.

It's not like it's a mystery as to the prehistoric civilizations that lived before the Sumerians.

We know they lived in caves and huts. Some lived in villages. You act like it's some big mystery but it's not. The big mystery is the explosion of knowledge. Historians and Archeologist have traced back civilizations past the Neanderthals.

We see no evidence of the growth of knowledge that led to the Sumerians.

Again, we can trace the growth of knowledge from the Sumerians to the Babylonians to the Greek to today. This is how knowledge grows.

There's nothing like this leading up to the Sumerians.

We went from this:





To this:





There's no trace of knowledge growing to astrology, mathematics, writing and moreto the Sumerians like we can trace knowledge going from Sumerians to Rome to today.

originally posted by: neoholographic
a reply to: Klassified

Sorry, you're wrong.

We can see the Sumerians knowledge was passed down through Babylon, Greece, Rome and even can be seen today.

It's not like it's a mystery as to the prehistoric civilizations that lived before the Sumerians.

We know they lived in caves and huts. Some lived in villages. You act like it's some big mystery but it's not. The big mystery is the explosion of knowledge. Historians and Archeologist have traced back civilizations past the Neanderthals.

We see no evidence of the growth of knowledge that led to the Sumerians.

Again, we can trace the growth of knowledge from the Sumerians to the Babylonians to the Greek to today. This is how knowledge grows.

There's nothing like this leading up to the Sumerians.

**EDITED OUT PICTURES FOR READIBLITY***

There's no trace of knowledge growing to astrology, mathematics, writing and moreto the Sumerians like we can trace knowledge going from Sumerians to Rome to today.

Ancient Egypt and the settlement along the Nile River predate Sumer by a good thousand years. Even if you want to discount that you still have to face the facts that Gobekli Tepe existed over 11000 years ago, that predate Sumer as well. Then you have the fact that humans lived in the stone age for 3.3-3.4 million years. So the idea that things "just happened" is a bit of a fallacy.

a reply to: neoholographic

There's no trace of knowledge growing to astrology, mathematics, writing and moreto the Sumerians like we can trace knowledge going from Sumerians to Rome to today.

The way my Archeology Professor explained it is that writing developed gradually. First it was a means of keeping track of receipts of produce: so many measures of barley etc.

So the written record of the development of writing actually exists in those accountant records. It took a while before the writing developed to the point of writing the myths and law codes.

a reply to: neoholographic

We went from hunter gatherers to doing astrology, advanced mathematics, literature, political laws and more. Where's the evidence that shows than any of this evolved over time?

They went from living in caves and huts to building pyramid structures and great buildings.

And yet we went from horse and buggy, to placing people on the moon in less than 60yrs, less than the average life span of a modern U.S male.

revolution in technology do occur, like some inner African societies went from polished stone axes to advanced Iron production almost overnight an at a very early age..2,600 B.C , see once a break through happens, other possibilities can come into play.

originally posted by: Klassified
It is not a finished science and neither is our current perception of the archaeological record.

The most honest interpretation of evolution i have seen. The problem with evolution is that even if it is true, we gain no philosophical yield that grants us any sort of worthwhile position in the universe. It's Pascal's wager (in reverse): if evolution is true, then nothing matters and it's all an accident. If evolution is false, then there remains an infinite possibility that exists at the tips of our imagination

originally posted by: Guyfriday

face the facts that Gobekli Tepe existed over 11000 years ago, that predate Sumer as well. Then you have the fact that humans lived in the stone age for 3.3-3.4 million years.

Is there empirical evidence that shows any of this is true? I hate being the pencil pusher here, but we can't keep repeating nonsense without having substantial proof to demonstrate extraordinary claims. Like you really think we have such undeniable fact to insist that humans lived in the stone age between 3.3-3.4 million years ago? No more, no less? It has become its own religion where the priests just make up whatever they want, without actual proof required.

originally posted by: Guyfriday

Is there empirical evidence that shows any of this is true? I hate being the pencil pusher here, but we can't keep repeating nonsense without having substantial proof to demonstrate extraordinary claims. Like you really think we have such undeniable fact to insist that humans lived in the stone age between 3.3-3.4 million years ago? No more, no less? It has become its own religion where the priests just make up whatever they want, without actual proof required.

Fossil records, Carbon 14 dating, and geological aging, but I'm sure Satan did all that in order to bring doubt. Archeological records are incomplete , I'll admit that, but the evidence that it shows is more inline with humans living in the stone age for millions of years. During that time ideas and concepts were developed.

We can picture that by using common sense.
Man find burning tree
Man uses burning tree to keep warm
Man figures out a way to feed and carry fire
Man figures out way to make fire
Man figures out out to use fire to heat and harden wood points
Man... so on and so forth

You seem to think differently, so I ask;
How do you think people learned to do things?
How long do you think people have been around?
What came first People or religion?

The Nabta Playa archaeological site, one of the earliest of the Egyptian Neolithic Period, is dated to circa 7500 BC.
...

An archaeological excavation found this cow-shaped megalithic rock sculpture buried at Nabta Playa in the Sahara Desert near the border of Egypt and Sudan. Scientists think the people who lived here worshiped a cow diety, a trend that appears later in Pharaonic Egypt. (Credit: J. McKim Malville)[

www.discovermagazine.com...

The above is nowhere near monumentally impressive as the earlier Goblki Tepi or the later Stonehenge, but what you are looking at is a direct link to the Goddess Hathor before there was a civilization called Egypt or Kush .



The Ishango Bone Cave people's mathematics.

The Ishango bone is a bone tool, dated to the Upper Paleolithic era, about 18000 to 20000 BC. It is a dark brown length of bone, with a sharp piece of quartz affixed to one end, perhaps for engraving or writing.

Mathematical calculations?

The three columns of asymmetrically grouped notches imply that the implement was more functional than decorative. The Ishango grouping may have been used to construct a number system.

The central column begins with 3 notches, and then doubles to 6 notches. The process is repeated for the number 4, which doubles to 8 notches, and then reversed for the number 10, which is halved to 5 notches. These numbers then, are not purely random and instead suggests some understanding of the principle of multiplication and division by two. The bone may therefore have been used as a counting tool for simple mathematical procedures.

Furthermore, the number of notches on either side of the central column may indicate more counting prowess. The numbers on both the left and right column are all odd numbers (9, 11, 13, 17, 19 and 21). The numbers in the left column are all of the prime numbers between 10 and 20 (which form a prime quadruplet), while those in the right column consist of 10+1, 10-1, 20+1 and 20-1. The numbers on each side column add up to 60, with the numbers in the central column adding up to 48. Both of these numbers are multiples of 12, again suggesting an understanding of multiplication and division.

www.cs.mcgill.ca...#:~:text=The%20artifact%20was%20first%20estimated,Natural%20Sciences%2C%20Brusse ls%2C%20Belgium.

And the above isn't even the earliest, other examples goes back another 15,000 yrs there were deep time development and contributions by cave our dwelling ancestors.



Bolombos Cave Jewellery 75,000 yrs ago

Shell Beads from Blombos Cave, South Africa

By Current World Archaeology

Oldest known beads found in Africa show modern human behaviour

The recent discovery of a collection of perforated shells that appear to be beads, and dating back 76,000 years, are set to rock our understanding of modern human development. If this analysis is correct, then symbolic communication – and potentially the allied development of language – is 30,000 years older than previously thought.
The 41 tick shells are punctured with holes, each in the same place, and roughly one centimetre across. Christopher Henshilwood, a professor at the Centre for Development Studies of the University of Bergen in Norway, and his team found the shells at Blombos Cave site, 300 km east of Cape Town, South Africa.
www.world-archaeology.com...

Pls have more appreciation for our Og Hgs because without them we wouldn't have

this, or bigger than this to awe us and inspired us to do this



Btw those cave paintings from France, let's see Picasso do better.

a reply to: neoholographic
Humans were never primarily cave-dwelling. Neither were our ancestors. That's just an antiquated idea that took hold because that's where the oldest best-preserved drawings are. The overly vast majority of drawings were made outside of caves and have weathered away. Early archeologists only found drawings (and bones) in caves at first, that became the theory. The truth is we were never 'cave men'.

Another thing you're leaving out is the Younger Dryas event. 11-12k years ago Earth was impacted by large meteors at relatively the same time, probably even the same day. It would have been catastrophic for every existing civilization. Humans almost certainly had many civilizations equivalent to the Greeks, Romans, Mayans, Egyptians, Chinese, etc. before this event. Only something like the Pyramids which are basically a pile of rocks would have a chance to survive. If such an event happened today they would still be the only thing that would have a chance. There wouldn't be much evidence of our current 7.5 billion strong global civilization except maybe some radioactive traces and a folklore tale.

Just because civilization has evolved doesn't mean humans necessarily have. The Romans collapsed and civilization regressed for hundreds of years. Ours is not nearly as robust as people take for-granted. The absolute historical record of our civilizations has been irreplacibly lost. The relics you want to see would likely be under 300+ feet of water and thousands of years of coral/sand deposits.

originally posted by: cooperton

originally posted by: Klassified
It is not a finished science and neither is our current perception of the archaeological record.

The most honest interpretation of evolution i have seen. The problem with evolution is that even if it is true, we gain no philosophical yield that grants us any sort of worthwhile position in the universe. It's Pascal's wager (in reverse): if evolution is true, then nothing matters and it's all an accident. If evolution is false, then there remains an infinite possibility that exists at the tips of our imagination

originally posted by: Guyfriday

face the facts that Gobekli Tepe existed over 11000 years ago, that predate Sumer as well. Then you have the fact that humans lived in the stone age for 3.3-3.4 million years.

Is there empirical evidence that shows any of this is true? I hate being the pencil pusher here, but we can't keep repeating nonsense without having substantial proof to demonstrate extraordinary claims. Like you really think we have such undeniable fact to insist that humans lived in the stone age between 3.3-3.4 million years ago? No more, no less? It has become its own religion where the priests just make up whatever they want, without actual proof required.

Exactly, there's a lot of nonsense in this thread but nothing being said refutes the main point.

There's no evidence of civilizations evolving to become a modern civilization like the Sumerians.

Of course you have sporadic signs of civilization occurring because as I said in an earlier post, a more modern form of hominids left Africa and evolved into us. So they were smarter than all other hominids at the time but there's no evidence of a modern civilization.

Again, a modern civilization evolves from a less modern civilization and you can trace that backwards. There's no modern civilizations befor the Sumerians. Now you can debate if the Great Pyramids of Giza were 7,000 - 10,000 years old which would line up with what I'm saying but let's look at what we know.

Sumer (/ˈsuːmər/)[note 1] is the earliest known civilization in the historical region of southern Mesopotamia (now southern Iraq), emerging during the Chalcolithic and early Bronze Ages between the sixth and fifth millennium BC. It is also one of the first civilizations in the world, along with Ancient Egypt, Norte Chico, Minoan civilization, Ancient China, Mesoamerica and the Indus Valley. Living along the valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates, Sumerian farmers grew an abundance of grain and other crops, the surplus from which enabled them to form urban settlements. Prehistoric proto-writing dates back before 3000 BC. The earliest texts come from the cities of Uruk and Jemdet Nasr, and date to between c. 3500 and c. 3000 BC.[1]

The most important archaeological discoveries in Sumer are a large number of clay tablets written in cuneiform script. Sumerian writing is considered to be a great milestone in the development of humanity's ability to not only create historical records but also in creating pieces of literature, both in the form of poetic epics and stories as well as prayers and laws. Although pictures—that is, hieroglyphs—were used first, cuneiform and then ideograms (where symbols were made to represent ideas) soon followed. Triangular or wedge-shaped reeds were used to write on moist clay. and law in Mesopotamia long after Semitic speakers had become dominant. A large body of hundreds of thousands of texts in the Sumerian language have survived, such as personal and business letters, receipts, lexical lists, laws, hymns, prayers, stories, and daily records. Full libraries of clay tablets have been found. Monumental inscriptions and texts on different objects, like statues or bricks, are also very common. Many texts survive in multiple copies because they were repeatedly transcribed by scribes in training. Sumerian continued to be the language of religion

en.wikipedia.org...

Nothing close to this has been found before the Sumerians. Let me repeat:

A large body of hundreds of thousands of texts in the Sumerian language have survived, such as personal and business letters, receipts, lexical lists, laws, hymns, prayers, stories, and daily records. Full libraries of clay tablets have been found. Monumental inscriptions and texts on different objects, like statues or bricks, are also very common. Many texts survive in multiple copies because they were repeatedly transcribed by scribes in training. Sumerian continued to be the language of religion

There's nothing like this before the Sumerians. There's no gradual evolution to anything like this. Here's a copy of an early bill of sale of a field and a house.



Let's talk about art:

The Sumerians were great creators, nothing proving this more than their art. Sumerian artifacts show great detail and ornamentation, with fine semi-precious stones imported from other lands, such as lapis lazuli, marble, and diorite, and precious metals like hammered gold, incorporated into the design. Since stone was rare it was reserved for sculpture. The most widespread material in Sumer was clay, as a result many Sumerina objects are made of clay. Metals such as gold, silver, copper, and bronze, along with shells and gemstones, were used for the finest sculpture and inlays. Small stones of all kinds, including more precious stones such as lapis lazuli, alabaster, and serpentine, were used for cylinder seals.

en.wikipedia.org...

I repeat, nothing like this evolved overtime. It just appeared. You had a sporadic increase in knowledge because these changed hominids were evolving into us. At some point, advanced beings taught them all of this.

Like I said, we can trace the influence of the Sumerians to civilaztions today. There's nothing close to the Sumerian civilization that evolved into the Sumerian civilization.







Let's continue:

On to mathematics:

The Sumerians developed a complex system of metrology c. 4000 BC. This advanced metrology resulted in the creation of arithmetic, geometry, and algebra. From c. 2600 BC onwards, the Sumerians wrote multiplication tables on clay tablets and dealt with geometrical exercises and division problems. The earliest traces of the Babylonian numerals also date back to this period.[81] The period c. 2700–2300 BC saw the first appearance of the abacus, and a table of successive columns which delimited the successive orders of magnitude of their sexagesimal number system.[82] The Sumerians were the first to use a place value numeral system. There is also anecdotal evidence the Sumerians may have used a type of slide rule in astronomical calculations. They were the first to find the area of a triangle and the volume of a cube.[83]

en.wikipedia.org...

Again, NOTHING LIKE THIS before the Sumerians.

We know these things happen gradually over time and civilizations build from past civilizations and knowledge increases. Where is all of the civilizations prior to the Sumerians with libraries or writing down the history of their civilization? We should see this evolving over time. For close to 200,000 years nobody thought to write things down and move (CONT"D)

I mean this is just obvious. This things slowly evolve over time but with the case of the Sumerians there was this explosion of knowledge. There's a lot more:

The most impressive and famous of Sumerian buildings are the ziggurats, large layered platforms that supported temples. Sumerian cylinder seals also depict houses built from reeds not unlike those built by the Marsh Arabs of Southern Iraq until as recently as 400 CE. The Sumerians also developed the arch, which enabled them to develop a strong type of dome. They built this by constructing and linking several arches. Sumerian temples and palaces made use of more advanced materials and techniques, such as buttresses, recesses, half columns, and clay nails.

en.wikipedia.org...

Here's a ziggurat:



Here's a modern military:



Where's the evidence that these advanced techniques originated in prior civilizations? Again, Rome was built because there was Greece before it. Greece was built because of Babylon before it. Babylon was built because of Sumer before it.

WHAT WAS BEFORE SUMER? Who gave them this knowledge. There's more:

Evidence of wheeled vehicles appeared in the mid 4th millennium BC, near-simultaneously in Mesopotamia, the Northern Caucasus (Maykop culture) and Central Europe. The wheel initially took the form of the potter's wheel. The new concept led to wheeled vehicles and mill wheels. The Sumerians' cuneiform script is the oldest (or second oldest after the Egyptian hieroglyphs) which has been deciphered (the status of even older inscriptions such as the Jiahu symbols and Tartaria tablets is controversial). The Sumerians were among the first astronomers, mapping the stars into sets of constellations, many of which survived in the zodiac and were also recognized by the ancient Greeks.[105] They were also aware of the five planets that are easily visible to the naked eye.[106]

They invented and developed arithmetic by using several different number systems including a mixed radix system with an alternating base 10 and base 6. This sexagesimal system became the standard number system in Sumer and Babylonia. They may have invented military formations and introduced the basic divisions between infantry, cavalry, and archers. They developed the first known codified legal and administrative systems, complete with courts, jails, and government records. The first true city-states arose in Sumer, roughly contemporaneously with similar entities in what are now Syria and Lebanon. Several centuries after the invention of cuneiform, the use of writing expanded beyond debt/payment certificates and inventory lists to be applied for the first time, about 2600 BC, to messages and mail delivery, history, legend, mathematics, astronomical records, and other pursuits. Conjointly with the spread of writing, the first formal schools were established, usually under the auspices of a city-state's primary temple.

Finally, the Sumerians ushered in domestication with intensive agriculture and irrigation. Emmer wheat, barley, sheep (starting as mouflon), and cattle (starting as aurochs) were foremost among the species cultivated and raised for the first time on a grand scale.

en.wikipedia.org...

Again, this points to an explosion of knowledge that happend around 10,000 - 15,000 which eventually led to the first civilizations.

This thread makes no sense, the evidence for creation comes from the Sumerians in the oldest recorded writings, nu uh adds nothing to the story.

At least try to propose a well thought out and presented opinion.

The Sumerians already claimed it was aliens not evolution.

originally posted by: circuitsports
This thread makes no sense, the evidence for creation comes from the Sumerians in the oldest recorded writings, nu uh adds nothing to the story.

At least try to propose a well thought out and presented opinion.

The Sumerians already claimed it was aliens not evolution.

What?

Of course it makes sense that's why it's being debated and it's moved to the top post in the thread. If you don't have nothing to add but vacuous opinions, there's a lot of other threads to comment on.

originally posted by: Guyfriday

Fossil records, Carbon 14 dating, and geological aging, but I'm sure Satan did all that in order to bring doubt.

Yes let's look at the actual empirical evidence. Soft tissue has been found in dinosaur bones, indicating they are much younger than the evolutionary narrative requires. Researchers carbon-dated these samples and surely enough they were all under 40,000 years old:



This is huge. The scientific mainstream cannot allow this to be disseminated otherwise many of its evolutionary theorists are out of a job and grant money:



They retracted the paper not for any empirical reason, or laboratory miscalculation, but simply because it didn't fit the dogmatic narrative that we are force-fed our whole life. Looking at empirical evidence we see an abundance of data that shows dinosaurs were much more in our recent past. So much so that humanity depicted them on every continent throughout history:
Stegosaurus carving from ancient Italy




Jade carving from ancient China



Amazon rain forest painting




Ancient Saurolophus sculpture from Shang Dynasty

You seem to think differently, so I ask;
How do you think people learned to do things?
How long do you think people have been around?
What came first People or religion?

Popular rhetoric supposes that consciousness came from matter, but I think that matter came from consciousness. This is supported with the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum physics. Physical systems do not have definitive properties until they observed/measured by a conscious faculty. Since matter is subservient to consciousness, matter could not have given rise to it. Especially given that the fossil record is actually void of any convincing evidence for evolutionary theory. As our knowledge regarding interdependent biological mechanisms grows, we begin to see more and more that evolution is about as likely as a monkey writing Shakespeare.

a reply to: cooperton

They retracted the paper not for any empirical reason, or laboratory miscalculation, but simply because it didn't fit the dogmatic narrative that we are force-fed our whole life. Looking at empirical evidence we see an abundance of data that shows dinosaurs were much more in our recent past. So much so that humanity depicted them on every continent throughout history:
Stegosaurus carving from ancient Italy

There is no possible way that those figurines are faked right???
I mean scientists , are all willing not to announce the biggest, game changer / paradigm shift in history, because??..

a reply to: cooperton

Yes let's look at the actual empirical evidence. Soft tissue has been found in dinosaur bones, indicating they are much younger than the evolutionary narrative requires. Researchers carbon-dated these samples and surely enough they were all under 40,000 years old:

That has been debunked.
See: Is it a problem with radiometric dating that carbon 14 is found in materials dated to millions of years old?

As it turns out, Miller's research group obtained their sample in quite a remarkable way. In fact, the creationist posed as chemists in order to secure a number of fragments of fossilized dinosaur bone from a museum of natural history, misrepresenting their own research in the process of doing so.
...
After the samples were submitted by the laboratory, Miller et al. were informed by a professor from the University of Arizona that the samples were heavily contaminated, and that no collagen (where most of the carbon for 14C dating comes from) was present.
...
Daniel Fisher of the University of Michigan’s Museum of Paleontology examined these results and concludes that there is nothing whatsoever extraordinary about them. The predominant suite of elements present and their relative percentages (including the 3.4% carbon!) are about what one would expect to find in hydroxyapatite and calcite, two of the commonest minerals present in ordinary dinosaur fossils. There is absolutely nothing unusual about these fossils and no reason to think the carbon contained in them is organic carbon derived from the original dinosaur bone.