New Galaxy Discovered By Accident

I have argued that the Universe is rotating rather than expanding by connecting the Newtonian velocity and acceleration to the cosmic velocity and acceleration respectively using a simple algebra. The argument for rotating Universe instead than expanding Universe is the following :

v = (G * M * r^-1)^1/2 = r / r * (G * M * r^-1)^1/2 = r * (G * M * r^3)^1/2 = r * H

a = (G * M * r^-2) = r / r * (G * M * r^-2) = r * (G * M * r^3) = r * H^2 = v * H

H^2 = (G * M * r^-3) = (G * mass density) = t^-2

where v is the Newtonian velocity, a is the Newtonian acceleration, v = r * H is the Hubble law or the cosmic velocity, a = r * H^2 = v * H is the cosmic acceleration affecting the light and the Pioneer spacecraft, and so on.

This means that the Universe is rotating rather than expanding and hence there is no place for the expansion within the laws of gravity. In this scenario the cosmic redshift is due to the time dilation of light rather than to the recession of galaxies from each other. The expansion that the Holy Quran is talking about is the one that occured during the formation of the Universe and which has stoped early in cosmic history leading the place for the gravity.

Second thing is that the speed of light is found to signify the escape velocity of light at the position of the Earth in the cosmic gravitational field from equalizing the light energy to the cosmic gravitational potential energy. The argument for the equivalence between the speed of light and the escape velocity of light in the cosmic gravitational field is as following :

E = m * c^2 = G * M * m * r^-1

which gives c = (G * M * r^-1)^1/2

Consequently, we can use the equation c = r * H to derive the distance from the center of the Universe to the position of the Earth in the Universe, which is calculated to be around 1.28 * 10^26 meters or 13.80 Billion light-years. This distance has nothing to do with the radius of the measured Universe nor the observable Universe as generally believed.

The third point is that the thickness distance of the Universe is obtained by looking back in time to the instant of Big Bang to be around 63 Billion light-years using the technique of comoving distance in theoretical cosmology.

Thus, the distance separating the Earth to the end of the Universe could be calculated by subtracting the distance between the center of the Universe and the Earth which is equal to 1.28 * 10^26 meters or 13.80 Billion light-years from the thickness distance of the Universe which is equal to 5.78 * 10^26 meters or 63 Billion light-years.

Following this approach, it is found that the distance separating the Earth to the boundary limit of the Universe is around 4.50 * 10^26 meters or 50 Billion light-years, that is r' = (5.78 - 1.28) * 10^26 meters = 4.5 * 10^26 meters or r' = (63 - 13.80) Billion light-years = 49.20 Billion light-years.