GET UP OFF YOUR KNEES AND BE MEN!!, page 2
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reply posted on 3-7-2003 @ 09:15 PM by Toltec
Gender Gap Found In Pain Relief (10/30)
By DAVID PERLMAN
c.1996 San Francisco Chronicle


AN FRANCISCO - In an experiment revealing significant and unexplained differences between the sexes, researchers at the University of California at San Francisco have discovered that a class of drugs long neglected in the treatment of severe pain is far more effective and long-lasting in women than in men.

The unexpected results are already sending the scientists back to the laboratory in an effort to decipher the differences in the way men and women perceive pain, and why the receptor cells in their brains appear tuned so differently to the different classes of pain relievers called opioid drugs.

The researchers agree that the results are surprising largely because virtually all past experiments on the effects of pain and pain relief have been performed on men. That fact, the scientists say, should demand intensified research aimed at understanding more of the fundamental differences - hormonal and physiological, as well as anatomical - between the sexes.

The new report, published Wednesday in the international journal Nature Medicine, comes from a research team headed by Dr. Jon D. Levine, professor of medicine and oral surgery at UCSF, who for more than 20 years has been studying the complex pathways that carry signals from painful injuries and diseases through the central nervous system to the brain as well as its natural pain-relievers, known as endorphins.

The researchers studied 48 young men and women who had undergone painful surgery to remove impacted wisdom teeth and who were treated with drugs known as kappa opioids - a class that includes well-known prescription compounds such as Nubain, Talwin and Stadol. Past research had convinced physicians that kappa opioids are far less effective than the more powerful class, known as mu opioids, which include morphine, Demerol, codeine and the illegal narcotic heroin.

In fact, Levine and his colleagues found, the women experienced major pain relief from the kappa opioids, while the men did not.

``The results were most dramatic,'' Levine said in an interview Tuesday. ``While the men had a very weak response to the drugs, the women not only experienced great pain relief, but the relief lasted surprisingly long.''

As a result, Levine said, even though the kappa opioids may be of little use for relieving severe pain among men, it is time to evaluate thoroughly their use in women with nerve injuries, labor pains, post-surgical pain, cancer and other problems.

The result, in Levine's view, is that by using the kappa opioids far more extensively, women may well be spared many of the mu opioids' difficult side effects, which can include nausea, sedation, confusion and constipation, as well as addiction from prolonged use.

From reviewing every available record of past pain relief experiments, Levine said, he and his colleagues failed to find a single study that compared the differing affects of painkillers on men and women - a gap in research that now seems virtually inexcusable.

Finding the reasons for the differences in pain relief between men and women will involve a whole new area of laboratory research, Levine said - first with animals and then with human volunteers.

For example, he said, there may be significant differences in the way the sex hormones - estrogen in women and testosterone in men - mediate pain pathways within the brain. Testosterone may react negatively to the kappa-opioids inside brain cells, while estrogen or progesterone may intensify the effectiveness of those drugs in the brains of women.

Dr. Karen J. Berkley, a neuroscientist at Florida State University, called the Levine team's research ``significant and groundbreaking'' because it is the first known experiment that specifically compared the differences in pain perception and pain relief between men and women.

Traditionally, Berkley said, doctors have believed that women have lower thresholds and less tolerance for pain than men, and are more likely than men to report chronic pains that are more severe and last longer.
These are all areas that demand more thorough and unbiased research, Berkley said, to develop designs for better painkilling drugs for men and women, and new strategies for administering them.


(The San Francisco Chronicle web site is at
www.sfgate.com... )
NYT-10-31-96 1236EST


reply posted on 12-7-2003 @ 11:47 AM by mikromarius
Originally posted by cainecrawford
....The key to hell.


Again and again there are no keys to hell. Infact the word hell doesn't match with the Bible at all. In English translations there is no distinction between the Unseen State/Hades and the Lake of Fire/Gehenna. Both are translated or rather interpreted hell. This is a perfect example of how translation and interpretation drains the Bible for it's meaning and message. The result of this example is that the King James Version says that everyone will go to hell, something that is a lie. We will all (or most of us that is) go to the Unseen State when we die, but not all will be cast into Gehenna. Hades is the price of wisdom. Gehenna is the price of sin and unrightiousness. The word Hell we have from Norse. The goddess Hel was she who judged the gods and cast the cowardous ones in to the fiery pit which also carried her name. The King James Version is nothing but a dictionary in pagan ways and mythology to me. It even calls Seraphim beasts and says the kingship of Babylon was a god that wasn't even invented at the time! Just so sad it's one of the best transaltions available. It is like an apple tree they have taken off theapples from and replaced them with bananas and oranges. When Hindus and Buddhists see what we do with our holy scriptures, they go woe, and I tend to do the same. Death may have been Hell to King James, but it sure isn't for all of us!

Blessings,
Mikromarius
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