The 4th dimension - Scientists bend rules to catch glimpse of unknown

Cubism and Futurism came to mind, but have a look yourself:

Two separate teams of scientists have bent the rules of physics to catch a glimpse of evidence on something which, technically, we shouldn’t be able to perceive: a fourth spatial dimension.
Everyone is aware of our standard three dimensions of space and one dimension of time, but the two teams, one based in the US and the other in Europe, have shown the existence of a fourth spatial dimension by employing some head-melting quantum mechanics and a bit of laser trickery.

The teams created two custom-designed, two-dimensional experiments to generate an instance of the quantum Hall effect, which restricts the movement of electrons, allowing us to both perceive and measure them in a unique way. The quantum hall effect points to the existence of a fourth spatial dimension. Researchers who studied the effect won the 2016 Nobel Prize for Physics. The quantum Hall effect usually manifests itself in the boundary between two materials, where electrons can only move in two dimensions.

When a magnetic field is produced perpendicular to the 2D plane it greatly changes the behavior of electrons which flow through it, which can further be manipulated by reducing the temperature and increasing the voltage within the environment. The larger the field and the greater the voltage, the more of a role quantum mechanics plays.

"Physically, we don't have a 4D spatial system, but we can access 4D quantum Hall physics using this lower-dimensional system because the higher-dimensional system is coded in the complexity of the structure," Mikael Rechtsman from Penn State University told Gizmodo.

"Maybe we can come up with new physics in the higher dimension and then design devices that take advantage the higher-dimensional physics in lower dimensions."

The European-based team supercooled atoms close to absolute zero, which were then placed in a 2d lattice created using lasers, before ‘exciting’ the atoms using additional lasers to get them moving again.

The US-based team took a different approach by beaming a laser through a block of glass to simulate the effect of an electric field on charged particles, as required to produce the quantum Hall effect.

"I think that the two experiments nicely complement each other," one of the European researchers, Michael Lohse from the Ludwig-Maximilians University in Germany, told Gizmodo.

Put simply, as we perceive it, 3D objects cast 2D shadows, so it follows that 4D objects would cast 3D shadows, even if we can't actually see the 4D object itself. Approximately two decades ago, boffins proved mathematically that fourth dimensional movement was possible but such theories were relegated to the realm of science fiction.

"At the time, however, that was more like science fiction," said Oded Zilberberg as cited by Eureka Alert, "as actually observing something like that in an experiment seemed impossible – after all, physical space only has three dimensions."

By using a topological 'pump' to manipulate the 2D environments in the experiments, Zilberberg postulated that we can, theoretically at least, turn a two-dimensional system into a four-dimensional one.

"Right now, those experiments are still far from any useful application," Zilberberg admits.

However, as such research continues, it could afford us unique perspectives on current fields of study. One such instance would be in materials science.

Quasicrystals in metallic alloys have no periodic structure in three dimensions but do in higher, theoretical ones such as the fourth dimension. Such quasicrystals could one day greatly reinforce steel, develop improved heat insulation, and provide new materials which convert heat to electricity.

They could also be used as solar absorbers for power conversion in the renewable energy industry as well providing low-friction alternatives to current artificial bone repair and prostheses applications in the medical science field.

The 4th dimension, but not as we know it: Scientists bend rules to catch glimpse of unknown

Wait. Zoidberg and Bender?

The studies are behind a paywall but there are a few related articles linked. I'm going to look into that now, just thought I should share.
Have your mind blown with a brief moment of 4th dimensional non-chess halma and feel free to add!

They found the shadow realm!

Put simply, as we perceive it, 3D objects cast 2D shadows, so it follows that 4D objects would cast 3D shadows, even if we can't actually see the 4D object itself. Approximately two decades ago, boffins proved mathematically that fourth dimensional movement was possible but such theories were relegated to the realm of science fiction.

So do 4d objects contain 3d aspects? If so we should be able to manipulate them right?

a reply to: PublicOpinion

Put simply, as we perceive it, 3D objects cast 2D shadows, so it follows that 4D objects would cast 3D shadows

The thing is, they do not really. They do not 'cast' shadows.

3D objects in the path of light block said path of light. That is it. You cannot infer from that , that 4D objects in front of light would 'project' (or whatever term you prefer) a 3D object.

I bet the scientists involved are shaking their heads at articles like this.

And they accessed it using code.. confirming the universe is a computation or computer, a simulated MATRIX!

www.express.co.uk...

quantum Hall effect

Ball
Call
Fall
Gall
Hall

Something projected from the old Callnut Hex formula?

originally posted by: DupontDeux
a reply to: PublicOpinion

Put simply, as we perceive it, 3D objects cast 2D shadows, so it follows that 4D objects would cast 3D shadows

The thing is, they do not really. They do not 'cast' shadows.

Agree 100%.

a reply to: PublicOpinion

Upon reading this extraordinary article I was reminded of Jacques Vallee and his Interdimensional Hypothesis regarding UFOs as some form of non human intelligence that is able to travel through higher dimensions.

This is truly revolutionary. It almost makes me wonder if this new amendment to the laws of physics has already been known and exploited by some other group of scientists, Paperclip comes to mind.

a reply to: Planette

Seems to me we're just unlocking the potential of electricity. To this point we've used electricity in 2 dimensions that is positive and negative, or 0s and 1s.

But electricity may be able to flow more like a cloud. This will garner negative replies as it already has from my experience but our brain is more or less a cloud of neurons that pass electrical information.

a reply to: SkeptiSchism

Shouldn't that be 1 dimension, positive and negative? If there's just two poles then to me that would mean two directions to go, so a line rather than a plane. One spatial dimension has two directions too.

a reply to: SkeptiSchism

Isn't that what Tesla discovered?

originally posted by: SkeptiSchism
a reply to: Planette

Seems to me we're just unlocking the potential of electricity. To this point we've used electricity in 2 dimensions that is positive and negative, or 0s and 1s.

But electricity may be able to flow more like a cloud. This will garner negative replies as it already has from my experience but our brain is more or less a cloud of neurons that pass electrical information.

Isn't something like this the theory behind a lot of Tesla's work?

Edit:

originally posted by: Wide-Eyes
a reply to: SkeptiSchism

Isn't that what Tesla discovered?

Ah beat me to it

a reply to: PublicOpinion

Oldest trick in the book.

originally posted by: ColdWisdom
a reply to: PublicOpinion

Upon reading this extraordinary article I was reminded of Jacques Vallee and his Interdimensional Hypothesis regarding UFOs as some form of non human intelligence that is able to travel through higher dimensions.

This is truly revolutionary. It almost makes me wonder if this new amendment to the laws of physics has already been known and exploited by some other group of scientists, Paperclip comes to mind.

Interesting that you would say that, I thought something along those lines as well. "Zoidberg" (hehe) hinted at something like that (ok, not really) in this linked Eureka-Alert article:

Ever since Albert Einstein developed the special theory of relativity in Zurich in 1905, by «fourth dimension» one usually means time. But how can one visualize a fourth spatial dimension - in addition to top-bottom, right-left and front-back? In the arts Salvador Dalí tried that: his crucifixion scene painted in 1954 shows as cross consisting of the three-dimensional unfolding of a hypercube in four dimensions (similarly to the unfolding of a cube into squares). A completely different, but no less fascinating, look into the fourth spatial dimension was now obtained by two teams of scientists from Switzerland, USA, Germany, Italy and Israel. The ETH researcher Oded Zilberberg, professor at the Institute for Theoretical Physics, played a pivotal role in both publications, which were recently published in the scientific journal Nature. He provided the theoretical basis for the experiments in which a four-dimensional physical phenomenon could be observed in two dimensions.

The quantum Hall effect

Both experiments dealt with the so-called quantum Hall effect. Commonly, that effect manifests in the boundary layer between two materials, in which electrons can only move in two dimensions. A magnetic field perpendicular to the material initially leads to the classical Hall effect: a current flowing through the material gives rise to a voltage in the perpendicular direction - the larger the magnetic field, the higher the voltage. The reason for this is that the magnetic field generates a force acting at right angles to the direction of motion (the Lorentz force) that deviates the electrons. At very low temperatures and very large magnetic fields, however, quantum mechanics starts playing a role, which means that the voltage no longer increases continuously, but rather jumps in discrete steps. Three Nobel Prizes in Physics have so far been awarded for experimental and theoretical work on the quantum Hall effect.

A question of topology

The quantum Hall effect can also be understood as a topological phenomenon. Topology describes, for instance, how many "holes" an object has and into what other shapes it can be transformed without cutting it. Similar laws are responsible in the quantum Hall effect for the electrons' only being able to move along topologically well-defined paths. For particular strengths of the magnetic field, for example, the electric current can only flow along the edges of the material, but not inside it. Around twenty years ago, it was shown mathematically that analogous topological effects should also occur in four spatial dimensions. "At the time, however, that was more like science fiction", says Oded Zilberberg, "as actually observing something like that in an experiment seemed impossible - after all, physical space only has three dimensions."
[...]

Revolutionary stuff indeed.

Anyway. I like how they bring the artists into this. The idea of a 4th dimension, many different ideas actually, has been around for quite some time now. I never dreamed to see scientists going after that ball but here we are. Dada wins!

Calling it now: it will be discovered that electron-positron pair creation is actually the formation of hyperdimensional toroidal vortex/antivortex pairs. That's what make them charge invariant while their magnetic moment can change with spatial orientation. They just scoot through space along their minor axis in 3 space(spin) and perpendicular to their major axis(charge) which from 3d space looks like an inflow/outflow, respectively.

a reply to: Wide-Eyes

Could be, I've only read a couple books on Tesla and I've never actually read of his papers. How I see it is that there is a electrical potential between the ionosphere and the core of our planet. The electrical charge comes from the sun, that is the charged particles (ions) in the solar winds.

Those particles build up in the ionosphere like charge builds up on the plates of a capacitor, the atmosphere acts as an insulator. When the charge becomes large enough there is an electrical discharge, we see that (in 1 form) in lightning as it travels from a higher potential (the ionosphere) to the surface of the earth. But I don't think it stops there from the ground it flows down to the core of our earth.

So all that electricity flows radially to the core, where does it go from there? There is no where for it to go from there so the core must then transform the electrical energy into mechanical energy. That process is like plasma I think and the by-product is water (primary water) and hydrocarbons (abiotic oil).

So Tesla's tower just tapped into that electrical potential, like a battery.

a reply to: Cutepants

Maybe dunno seems 2d to me because you need at least 2 dimensions to describe movement from point A to point B, from positive to negative.

But I'm not a electrical guy, statics was my study dynamics was over me.

a reply to: SkeptiSchism

So do 4d objects contain 3d aspects? If so we should be able to manipulate them right?

Wrong, we can no more manipulate the 'fourth dimension' than a 2D flatlander can visit "Up".

The next dimensions is all around and thru us and yet we see it not. We are spatially locked, just like 2D flatlanders cannot comprehend 'up'.

And yet our very soul exists there, we are already there, literally, and yet we don't even acknowledge our own soul.

This kicks us up to five dimensions. Not quite the six needed for Calubli-Yau (sp?), but still a good start!

If so, seven dimensions will be necessary and then 12 at the top end. Each dimension added means more difficult maths.