From the above
either end of the blocking DNA are put special DNA pieces that can be recognized by a particular enzyme, such as the enzyme called
recombinase. Whenever the recombinase encounters these DNA pieces, the DNA is cut precisely at the outside of each piece, and the cut ends of the DNA
fuse together, with the result that the blocking DNA is removed. When this happens, the seed-specific promoter is right next to the toxin coding
sequence, and is able to function in making the toxin[...] The Terminator patent solves the dilemma by preventing recombinase from acting until just
before the farmers plant their seeds.
So recombinase will occur naturally and must be prevented to allow seeds to sprout.
They propose putting a recombinase coding sequence next to a promoter that is always active -- in all cells, at all times -- but that is
repressed. The promoter can be made active again -- derepressed -- by a chemical treatment. Therefore, the seed sellers can treat the seeds right
before planting, thus allowing the recombinase to be made then, but not before.[...] They propose putting a recombinase coding sequence next to a
promoter that is always active -- in all cells, at all times -- but that is repressed. The promoter can be made active again -- derepressed -- by a
chemical treatment. Therefore, the seed sellers can treat the seeds right before planting, thus allowing the recombinase to be made then, but not
before.
So instead they've made additional modifications, so that the seeds have to be treated in order to produce sterile seeds. And they don't give the
farmers actual seeds, but very immature seedlings.
Thus, after the recombinase enzyme does its work, the plant grows normally from germination, through growth of stems, leaves, roots, and all
the way through flower formation, pollination and most of seed development. Then, on cue, the seeds die.
Will the Terminator spread to other plants?
It is likely that Terminator will kill the seeds of neighboring plants of the same species, under certain conditions.
Bad news, but also a requirement of GM tech, to prevent spreading.
The scenario might go like this: when farmers plant the Terminator seeds, the seeds already will have been treated with tetracycline, and thus
the recombinase will have acted, and the toxin coding sequence will be next to the seed-specific promoter, and will be ready to act when the end of
seed development comes around. The seeds will grow into plants, and make pollen. Every pollen grain will carry a ready-to-act toxin gene. If the
Terminator crop is next to a field planted in a normal variety, and pollen is taken by insects or the wind to that field, any eggs fertilized by the
Terminator pollen will now have one toxin gene. It will be activated late in that seed's development, and the seed will die.
Only when that seed is planted, and doesn't germinate, will the change become apparent.
Dear god that could be a disaster. They won't know until the growing season has started? Would this not mean that they can't replant?
Terminator has been proposed as a method to prevent just such escapes of GMOs and their genes. However, Terminator is not likely to function
well for such purposes[...]
is unlikely that any tetracycline treatment will be 100% effective. For various reasons, some seeds may not respond, or take up enough tetracycline
to activate recombinase. In such cases, the plants growing from the unaffected seeds would look just like all the others, but would grow up to make
pollen carrying a non-functional toxin gene.
GM crops
have to be made so as to not hybridize with non modified types. This, apparently, does not do that. It simply kills hybrids.
Google Scholar Results on terminator Seed
Some of the criticism is over plants that haven't had the terminator gene activated cross pollinating with other plants and resulting in a spread of
the terminator technology into the regular plants, but the terminator technology requires activation by treatment with anti-biotics, in fact a
specific anti-biotic, so I don't see that as being a very likely problem. One might ask, 'what if the repressor gene becomes non functional'? This
would probably happen via mutation, occuring in germline cell formation, and result in a plant producing pollen that can hybridize with regular plants
and 'terminate seed sprouting'. But that effect in itself won't 'spread', it will be limited to one generation, and might, conceivably, be
countered by cross fertilization with plants that do have a functional repressor gene..
Nevertheless, it is not permissable to have a 'seed function termination' sequence in the regular population of plants.
I've got to say, this does seem like a bad technology that Monsanto has purchased. However, they have decided to not use it. This new canadian
issue shows that there might need to be global regulations about it.
Where are the third world countries that would suffer from this on this matter? They need to promote it in the UN and other global forums.
Instead of producing dud seeds, which will allways be a danger, perhaps producing plants that don't produce pollen would be a better idea? Plants
that can't fertilize?