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Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Female Genital Mutilation
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Contents [hide]
1 Hadith
1.1 The fitrah is five things, including circumcision
1.2 A preservation of honor for women
1.3 Do not cut "severely"
1.4 When the circumcised parts touch each other
2 Scholars
2.1 Historical
2.1.1 Cutting out the clitoris is obligatory
2.2 Modern
2.2.1 Fuqaha’ of Islam are agreed that it is prescribed, not an inherited custom
2.2.2 It is sunnah and an honor for women based on sahih narrations
2.2.3 Any of the books of fiqh confirm it is either obligatory or commendable
2.2.4 A tenet of Islamic law, denying it is disregarding the Shari'ah of Allah
3 See Also
4 External Links
5 References
Hadith[edit]
The fitrah is five things, including circumcision[edit]
Note that the rule of hadith dictate that if it is not mentioned specifically or if the pronouns do not point to a certain gender, then the hadith is
valid for both sexes. Hence, the following hadiths are applicable for both men and women.
Abu Hurayrah said: I heard the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) say: “The fitrah is five things – or five things are part of
the fitrah – circumcision, shaving the pubes, trimming the moustache, cutting the nails and plucking the armpit hairs.”
Bukhari 5891; Muslim 527
A preservation of honor for women[edit]
Abu al- Malih ibn `Usama's father relates that the Prophet said: "Circumcision is a law for men and a preservation of honour for women."
Ahmad Ibn Hanbal 5:75; Abu Dawud, Adab 167.
Do not cut "severely"[edit]
Note that the judgement concerning what is severe is relative.
Narrated Umm Atiyyah al-Ansariyyah: A woman used to perform circumcision in Medina. The Prophet (peace be upon him) said to her: Do not cut severely
as that is better for a woman and more desirable for a husband.
Sunan Abu Dawud 41:5251
When the circumcised parts touch each other[edit]
Abu Musa reported: There cropped up a difference of opinion between a group of Muhajirs (Emigrants and a group of Ansar (Helpers) (and the point of
dispute was) that the Ansar said: The bath (because of sexual intercourse) becomes obligatory only-when the semen spurts out or ejaculates. But the
Muhajirs said: When a man has sexual intercourse (with the woman), a bath becomes obligatory (no matter whether or not there is seminal emission or
ejaculation). Abu Musa said: Well, I satisfy you on this (issue). He (Abu Musa, the narrator) said: I got up (and went) to 'A'isha and sought her
permission and it was granted, and I said to her: 0 Mother, or Mother of the Faithful, I want to ask you about a matter on which I feel shy. She said:
Don't feel shy of asking me about a thing which you can ask your mother, who gave you birth, for I am too your mother. Upon this I said: What makes a
bath obligatory for a person? She replied: You have come across one well informed! The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: When anyone
sits amidst four parts (of the woman) and the circumcised parts touch each other a bath becomes obligatory.
Sahih Muslim 3:684
Scholars[edit]
Historical[edit]
Cutting out the clitoris is obligatory[edit]
e4.3 Circumcision is obligatory (for every male and female) by cutting off the piece of skin on the glans of the penis of the male, but circumcision
of the female is by cutting out the clitoris (this is called Hufaad)
Reliance of the Traveller: A Classic Manual of Islamic Sacred Law
Ahmad ibn Naqib al-Misri
Modern[edit]
Fuqaha’ of Islam are agreed that it is prescribed, not an inherited custom[edit]
Firstly:
Circumcision is not an inherited custom as some people claim, rather it is prescribed in Islam and the scholars are unanimously agreed that it is
prescribed. Not a single Muslim scholar – as far as we know – has said that circumcision is not prescribed.
Their evidence is to be found in the saheeh ahaadeeth of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), which prove that it is prescribed,
for example:
1-
The hadeeth narrated by al-Bukhaari (5889) and Muslim (257) from Abu Hurayrah (may Allaah be pleased with him), that the Prophet (peace and blessings
of Allaah be upon him) said: "The fitrah is five things – or five things are part of the fitrah – circumcision, shaving the pubes, cutting the
nails, plucking the armpit hairs, and trimming the moustache."
This hadeeth includes circumcision of both males and females.
2-
Muslim (349) narrated that ‘Aa’ishah (may Allaah be pleased with her) said: The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him)
said: “When a man sits between the four parts (arms and legs of his wife) and the two circumcised parts meet, then ghusl is obligatory.”
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) mentioned the two circumcised parts, i.e., the circumcised part of the husband and the
circumcised part of the wife, which indicates that a woman may be circumcised just like a man.
3-
Abu Dawood (5271) narrated from Umm ‘Atiyyah al-Ansaariyyah that a woman used to do circumcisions in Madeenah and the Prophet (peace and blessings
of Allaah be upon him) said to her: “Do not go to the extreme in cutting; that is better for the woman and more liked by the husband.” But the
scholars differed concerning this hadeeth. Some of them classed it as da’eef (weak) and others classed it as saheeh. It was classed as saheeh by
al-Albaani in Saheeh Abi Dawood. The fact that circumcision for women is prescribed in Islam is confirmed by the ahaadeeth quoted above, not by this
disputed hadeeth. But the scholars differed concerning the ruling, and there are three opinions:
1 –
That it is obligatory for both males and females. This is the view of the Shaafa’is and Hanbalis, and is the view favoured by al-Qaadi Abu Bakr ibn
al-‘Arabi among the Maalikis (may Allaah have mercy on them all).
Al-Nawawi (may Allaah have mercy on him) said in al-Majmoo’ (1/367): "Circumcision is obligatory for both men and women in our view. This is the
view of many of the salaf, as was narrated by al-Khattaabi. Among those w
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edit on 25-6-2017 by heavymental because: (no reason given)