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Psychologists have always been fascinated as to why some people believe in a higher being, while others are happy to accept that we are alone in life. Now researchers claim they have found a region of the brain that, when damaged, may increase the likelihood that a person will hold fundamental religious beliefs. In particular, they found that damage to this region reduced cognitive flexibility – the ability to challenge one’s preexisting beliefs when presented with new evidence.
The research builds on previous work that has found a neurological underpinning for religion, particularly in the prefrontal cortex. The study, published in the journal Neuropsychologia, utilized a data set that was initially started to study Vietnam War veterans who had experienced trauma. Using this registry, the team compared soldiers who had received penetrating brain injury with veterans who had not.
They looked at 119 combat veterans with brain damage to their dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. They found that among those studied, the veterans with damage to this region of the brain, which has been linked to planning and problem solving, were less open to new ideas. This may help explain why they were more likely to be fundamental in their religious beliefs.
For the study, they gave the participants tests to see how cognitively flexible they were and placed them on a standardized measure to assess their level of religious fundamentalism. They then took CT scans to measure the size and location of the brain lesions in the veterans. It turned out that those who had received trauma to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, a region found at the front of the brain, were more likely to hold fundamental beliefs and were less likely to be cognitively flexible.
“These findings indicate that cognitive flexibility and openness are necessary for flexible and adaptive religious commitment, and that such diversity of religious thought is dependent on [dorsolateral prefrontal cortex] functionality,” write the authors.
Previous experiments have found that this part of the brain is involved in working memory, in which you hold in mind multiple pieces of information you have just learned. It has also been shown to be key to cognitive flexibility. This latest study, the researchers suggests, shows that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex may also be crucial in helping us remain open about new ideas that may challenge deeply held beliefs.
This does not mean that forming a religious belief is down to some form of brain damage, or that trauma to the head will therefore lead to fundamentalism. The researchers simply state that damage to this particular part of the brain may make it more difficult for a person to assess their own deep-seated beliefs when presented with new evidence.
Grafman and his team surveyed 149 Vietnam vets, 119 of whom had suffered penetrating traumatic brain injuries (pTBIs) and 30 of whom had no history of brain injury. They reported their results in the journal Neuropsychologia. Previous research had identified the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) as critical to representing religious beliefs, so the researcher hypothesized that damage to the vmPFC would be associated with a narrowing of religious beliefs.
"If the vmPFC is crucial to modulating diverse personal religious beliefs, we predicted that pTBI patients with lesions to the vmPFC would exhibit greater fundamentalism, and that this would be modulated by cognitive flexibility and trait openness," the researchers explained.
But their results actually contradicted this hypothesis. Instead, Grafman and his team discovered that veterans with damage to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) had similar belief patterns to those with vmPFC lesions. The researchers also found that veterans with less openness to other beliefs did not necessarily have damaged dlPFCs — some merely had decreased cognitive flexibility and openness.
originally posted by: chr0naut
a reply to: Akragon
Well perhaps, then, damage to more of the brain explains atheism?
There is, at least, a statistical correlation (a small percent of the population have severe brain damage, ditto for atheists).
originally posted by: Raggedyman
Funny I am inclined to think that the op is a very religious fundamentalist
Even the "I told you" comment smacks of righteous indignation LOL
🐨
originally posted by: Ghost147
Your title is backwards.
Brain damage to a particular area can cause a person to be less likely to change deep rooted beliefs upon challenging information,
originally posted by: Akragon
originally posted by: Raggedyman
Funny I am inclined to think that the op is a very religious fundamentalist
Even the "I told you" comment smacks of righteous indignation LOL
🐨
And for the 50th time... don't use words you don't understand
originally posted by: Akragon
Religious Fundamentalism causes brain damage LOL
originally posted by: Raggedyman
originally posted by: Akragon
originally posted by: Raggedyman
Funny I am inclined to think that the op is a very religious fundamentalist
Even the "I told you" comment smacks of righteous indignation LOL
🐨
And for the 50th time... don't use words you don't understand
Oh Ak, its ok, I just like to show the fundie in you to others
originally posted by: mOjOm
originally posted by: chr0naut
a reply to: Akragon
Well perhaps, then, damage to more of the brain explains atheism?
There is, at least, a statistical correlation (a small percent of the population have severe brain damage, ditto for atheists).
Very well researched theory there.
You know a small percentage of the population have two different colored eyes too. Does that mean they are atheists???
originally posted by: Raggedyman
Funny I am inclined to think that the op is a very religious fundamentalist
Even the "I told you" comment smacks of righteous indignation LOL
🐨
indignation
noun
mass noun
Anger or annoyance provoked by what is perceived as unfair treatment.