"Scrapie in a cow: 1883 full text
24 Mar 98 webmaster
Below is the full text of the 1881 case of 'scrapie in a cow' of 8 years age from an 1883 French medical veterinary journal article. It has no list
of citations at the end as was typical for scientific articles until after WWI. I have no idea when peer review came into play as we understand it
today. A professional translation to English is being appended.
Did this cow in fact exhibit symptoms of a bovine TSE? What favors this over Aujeszky's disease (pseudorabies)? The quality of supporting evidence is
open for discussion. Please let us not fault the veterinarian for not doing a western blot, electron micrsoscopy, or prion gene sequencing.
If yes, did it have an origin in scrapie? One scenario is that the cow was exposed to scrapie in co-pastured sheep, ie, horizontal transmission. This
may have occured earlier in the herd with subsequent cow-to-cow transmission so that the cow of the article was not the primary passage. This might be
called scrapie-BSE or scrapie-in-a-cow to indicate origin, keeping in mind that the cow prion causes the problem, not the long-gone sheep prion of
different sequence. It is not scrapie any more, scrapie is a disease only sheep can get.
A second scenario is a validation of the Gibbs Principle, familial bovine TSE, that is, the cow had a familial CJD-type mutation in its prion gene as
expected from the one per million background mutational rate. Other variants are somatic mutation bovine TSE or sporadic bovine TSE. These might be
called familial BSE or sporadic BSE, keeping in mind that:
Neither scenario makes the ailment of this cow equivalent to either modern day UK BSE or Stetsonville BSE. This would be an unlikely coincidence
because of the many possible strain types. Both scenarios are supportive, but certainly not proof, of the concept that some sporadic CJD in humans
might long have had a dietary origin. "
www.mad-cow.org...
Otto von Guericke invented the first static electric generator in 1675, while the first current generator was made by Alosio Galvani in 1780. But
except for some supposed medicinal applications, electricity had little use.
Communication, the first of the great uses for electricity, began with the telegraph invented by Samuel Morse around 1840, to be followed by the
telephone, radio and television. Thomas Edison added lighting in 1880, which was soon followed by working electric motors and electric heating. Most
recently has come electronics and the computer revolution. In all electricity has fundamentally transformed the way we live.
www.bydesign.com...