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originally posted by: Pardon?
...
Their conclusion was pre-decided. That's not how research works.
J Biomed Sci. 2002 Jul-Aug;9(4):359-64.
Abnormal measles-mumps-rubella antibodies and CNS autoimmunity in children with autism.
Singh VK1, Lin SX, Newell E, Nelson C.
Author information
1Department of Biology and Biotechnology Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, USA. [email protected]
Abstract
Autoimmunity to the central nervous system (CNS), especially to myelin basic protein (MBP), may play a causal role in autism, a neurodevelopmental disorder. Because many autistic children harbor elevated levels of measles antibodies, we conducted a serological study of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) and MBP autoantibodies. Using serum samples of 125 autistic children and 92 control children, antibodies were assayed by ELISA or immunoblotting methods. ELISA analysis showed a significant increase in the level of MMR antibodies in autistic children. Immunoblotting analysis revealed the presence of an unusual MMR antibody in 75 of 125 (60%) autistic sera but not in control sera. This antibody specifically detected a protein of 73-75 kD of MMR. This protein band, as analyzed with monoclonal antibodies, was immunopositive for measles hemagglutinin (HA) protein but not for measles nucleoprotein and rubella or mumps viral proteins. Thus the MMR antibody in autistic sera detected measles HA protein, which is unique to the measles subunit of the vaccine. Furthermore, over 90% of MMR antibody-positive autistic sera were also positive for MBP autoantibodies, suggesting a strong association between MMR and CNS autoimmunity in autism. Stemming from this evidence, we suggest that an inappropriate antibody response to MMR, specifically the measles component thereof, might be related to pathogenesis of autism.
Copyright 2002 National Science Council, ROC and S. Karger AG, Basel
Selection of Abstracts Regarding
Immune and/or Mitochindrial Dysfunction,
Sulfation and/or Detoxification Deficits in Autism
Updated August, 2011
Jyonouchi H, Geng L, Streck DL, Toruner GA. Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) who exhibit chronic gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and marked fluctuation of behavioral symptoms exhibit distinct innate immune abnormalities and transcriptional profiles of peripheral blood (PB) monocytes. J Neuroimmunol. 2011 Jul 29.
Division of Allergy/Immunology and Infection Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ)-New Jersey Medical School (NJMS), 185 South Orange Ave, Newark, NJ, United States.
Abstract
Innate/adaptive immune responses and transcript profiles of peripheral blood monocytes were studied in ASD children who exhibit fluctuating behavioral symptoms following infection and other immune insults (ASD/Inf, N=30). The ASD/Inf children with persistent gastrointestinal symptoms (ASD/Inf+GI, N=19), revealed less production of proinflammatory and counter-regulatory cytokines with stimuli of innate immunity and marked changes in transcript profiles of monocytes as compared to ASD/no-Inf (N=28) and normal (N=26) controls. This included a 4-5 fold up-regulation of chemokines (CCL2 and CCL7), consistent with the production of more CCL2 by ASD/Inf+GI cells. These results indicate dysregulated innate immune defense in the ASD/Inf+GI children, rendering them more vulnerable to common microbial infection/dysbiosis and possibly subsequent behavioral changes.
--
Ratajczak HV. Theoretical aspects of autism: causes--a review. J Immunotoxicol. 2011 Jan-Mar;8(1):68-79.
[email protected]
Abstract
Autism, a member of the pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs), has been increasing dramatically since its description by Leo Kanner in 1943. First estimated to occur in 4 to 5 per 10,000 children, the incidence of autism is now 1 per 110 in the United States, and 1 per 64 in the United Kingdom, with similar incidences throughout the world. Searching information from 1943 to the present in PubMed and Ovid Medline databases, this review summarizes results that correlate the timing of changes in incidence with environmental changes. Autism could result from more than one cause, with different manifestations in different individuals that share common symptoms. Documented causes of autism include genetic mutations and/or deletions, viral infections, and encephalitis following vaccination. Therefore, autism is the result of genetic defects and/or inflammation of the brain. The inflammation could be caused by a defective placenta, immature blood-brain barrier, the immune response of the mother to infection while pregnant, a premature birth, encephalitis in the child after birth, or a toxic environment.
Giulivi C, Zhang YF, Omanska-Klusek A, Ross-Inta C, Wong S, Hertz-Picciotto I, Tassone F, Pessah IN. Mitochondrial dysfunction in autism. JAMA. 2010 Dec 1;304(21):2389-96.
...
Autoimmune connection of autism in Central Saudi Arabia
Laila Y. Al-Ayadhi, MBChB, PhD.
ABSTRACT
Objective:
Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder with unknown etiology. The etiology of autism is complex, and the underlying pathologic mechanisms are unknown. This study tests the autoimmune mechanisms in the pathogenesis for autism in autistic children in the Riyadh area.
...
Results:
The level of MBP antibodies was significantly higher in autistic children as compared to controls ( p < 0.01 ). Furthermore, the level of antibodies to measles but not mumps or rubella was significantly higher in
autistics compared to the control group ( p < 0.05 ).
Moreover, 82% of autistic sera positive for measles IgG was also positive for MBP.
Conclusion:
The current study supports the hypothesis that autoimmunity plays a role in the pathogenesis of autism. However, results from the current study are not enough to support that immunization by MMR is playing a role in the autoimmune process in autistism.
...
AL-Ayadhi and Mostafa Journal of Neuroinflammation
2014, 11:69
www.jneuroinflammation.com...
Serum antinucleosome-specific antibody as a marker of autoimmunity in children with autism
Laila Yousef AL-Ayadhi 1 and Gehan Ahmed Mostafa 1,2*
Abstract
Background:
Increasing evidence of autoimmune phenomena in some individuals with autism could represent the
presence of altered or inappropriate immune responses in this disorder. The role of the nucleosome in the induction of antibody response in some autoimmune-mediated tissue damage may provide novel targets for treatment. Due to the paucity of studies investigating the frequency of systemic auto-antibodies in autism, we are the first to investigate the frequency of antinucleosome-specific antibodies in a group of autistic children.
Methods:
Serum antinucleosome-specific antibodies were measured by ELISA in 60 autistic children, between the ages
of 3 and 12 years, in comparison to 60 healthy children. Autistic severity was assessed using the Childhood Autism
Rating Scale (CARS).
Results:
Autistic children had significantly higher serum antinucleosome-specific antibodies than healthy children
( P < 0.001 ). The seropositivity of antinucleosome-specific antibodies was found in 46.7% of autistic children. Autistic
children with a family history of autoimmunity (40%) had a significantly higher frequency of serum
antinucleosome-specific antibodies (83.3%) than patients without such a history (22.2%, P < 0.001 ).
Conclusions:
Serum levels of antinucleosome-specific antibodies were increased in some autistic children. However,
these data should be treated with caution until further investigations are performed with a larger subject population to determine whether these antibodies have a role in the induction of autoimmunity in a subgroup of autistic children.
The role of immunotherapy in children with autism should be also studied.
Keywords: Antinucleosome-specific antibodies, Autism, Autoimmunity, Family history of autoimmunity
J Neuroimmunol. 2004 Jul;152(1-2):176-82.
Autoantibody repertoires to brain tissue in autism nuclear families.
Silva SC1, Correia C, Fesel C, Barreto M, Coutinho AM, Marques C, Miguel TS, Ataide A, Bento C, Borges L, Oliveira G, Vicente AM.
Author information
1Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, 2781-196 Oeiras, Portugal.
Abstract
The hypothesis of an immune dysfunction in autism spectrum disorders has previously been put forward without, however, compelling evidence of a direct relation to its etiology or pathogenesis. To further understand if autoimmunity could play a significant role in autism, we analyzed autoantibody repertoires to brain tissue extract in the plasma of 171 autism children, their parents, and 54 controls, by quantitative immunoblotting. Multiparametric analysis revealed significant differences between patients and controls, and showed that one single reactivity in Section 32 of the blot had the most power to discriminate between these samples. Family correlation coefficients and heritability estimates did not provide any evidence that this reactivity was genetically determined. While the molecular weight of the target protein suggested that it might be an isoform of Myelin Basic Protein (MBP), inhibition assays with human MBP argued against this hypothesis. The study evidences the widespread occurrence of autoreactivities to brain tissue in autism patients, which may represent the immune system's neuroprotective response to a previous brain injury occurred during neurodevelopment. The molecular identification of the target protein in Section 32 will contribute to the understanding of the role of immune responses against brain antigens in autistic patients.
originally posted by: ElectricUniverse
originally posted by: Pardon?
...
Their conclusion was pre-decided. That's not how research works.
In case you didn't know doctors and specialists give their opinion to the best of the available information they can access, and according to the research they have done, or have read... Again, if vaccines were completely safe, like you claim, then there wouldn't be a plethora of research that refutes your claims. You can try to dissect the research that refutes your claim by making more false claims like you keep doing.
originally posted by: ElectricUniverse
Autoimmune connection of autism in Central Saudi Arabia
Laila Y. Al-Ayadhi, MBChB, PhD.
ABSTRACT
Objective:
Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder with unknown etiology. The etiology of autism is complex, and the underlying pathologic mechanisms are unknown. This study tests the autoimmune mechanisms in the pathogenesis for autism in autistic children in the Riyadh area.
...
Results:
The level of MBP antibodies was significantly higher in autistic children as compared to controls ( p < 0.01 ). Furthermore, the level of antibodies to measles but not mumps or rubella was significantly higher in
autistics compared to the control group ( p < 0.05 ).
Moreover, 82% of autistic sera positive for measles IgG was also positive for MBP.
Conclusion:
The current study supports the hypothesis that autoimmunity plays a role in the pathogenesis of autism. However, results from the current study are not enough to support that immunization by MMR is playing a role in the autoimmune process in autistism.
...
www.neurosciencesjournal.org...
AL-Ayadhi and Mostafa Journal of Neuroinflammation
2014, 11:69
www.jneuroinflammation.com...
Serum antinucleosome-specific antibody as a marker of autoimmunity in children with autism
Laila Yousef AL-Ayadhi 1 and Gehan Ahmed Mostafa 1,2*
Abstract
Background:
Increasing evidence of autoimmune phenomena in some individuals with autism could represent the
presence of altered or inappropriate immune responses in this disorder. The role of the nucleosome in the induction of antibody response in some autoimmune-mediated tissue damage may provide novel targets for treatment. Due to the paucity of studies investigating the frequency of systemic auto-antibodies in autism, we are the first to investigate the frequency of antinucleosome-specific antibodies in a group of autistic children.
Methods:
Serum antinucleosome-specific antibodies were measured by ELISA in 60 autistic children, between the ages
of 3 and 12 years, in comparison to 60 healthy children. Autistic severity was assessed using the Childhood Autism
Rating Scale (CARS).
Results:
Autistic children had significantly higher serum antinucleosome-specific antibodies than healthy children
( P < 0.001 ). The seropositivity of antinucleosome-specific antibodies was found in 46.7% of autistic children. Autistic
children with a family history of autoimmunity (40%) had a significantly higher frequency of serum
antinucleosome-specific antibodies (83.3%) than patients without such a history (22.2%, P < 0.001 ).
Conclusions:
Serum levels of antinucleosome-specific antibodies were increased in some autistic children. However,
these data should be treated with caution until further investigations are performed with a larger subject population to determine whether these antibodies have a role in the induction of autoimmunity in a subgroup of autistic children.
The role of immunotherapy in children with autism should be also studied.
Keywords: Antinucleosome-specific antibodies, Autism, Autoimmunity, Family history of autoimmunity
www.biomedcentral.com...
J Neuroimmunol. 2004 Jul;152(1-2):176-82.
Autoantibody repertoires to brain tissue in autism nuclear families.
Silva SC1, Correia C, Fesel C, Barreto M, Coutinho AM, Marques C, Miguel TS, Ataide A, Bento C, Borges L, Oliveira G, Vicente AM.
Author information
1Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, 2781-196 Oeiras, Portugal.
Abstract
The hypothesis of an immune dysfunction in autism spectrum disorders has previously been put forward without, however, compelling evidence of a direct relation to its etiology or pathogenesis. To further understand if autoimmunity could play a significant role in autism, we analyzed autoantibody repertoires to brain tissue extract in the plasma of 171 autism children, their parents, and 54 controls, by quantitative immunoblotting. Multiparametric analysis revealed significant differences between patients and controls, and showed that one single reactivity in Section 32 of the blot had the most power to discriminate between these samples. Family correlation coefficients and heritability estimates did not provide any evidence that this reactivity was genetically determined. While the molecular weight of the target protein suggested that it might be an isoform of Myelin Basic Protein (MBP), inhibition assays with human MBP argued against this hypothesis. The study evidences the widespread occurrence of autoreactivities to brain tissue in autism patients, which may represent the immune system's neuroprotective response to a previous brain injury occurred during neurodevelopment. The molecular identification of the target protein in Section 32 will contribute to the understanding of the role of immune responses against brain antigens in autistic patients.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov...
BTW, inflammation in the brain (encephalitis) is a brain injury. Vaccines like MMR can cause inflammation in the brain (and other organs), and this in turn can affect the neurodevelopment of babies, children and young adults.
Then there is the fact that the measles virus derived from VACCINE STRAINS have been found in a number of autistic children, and clinical studies have shown that this increases the chances of children regressing and becoming autistic. That's without taking in context the fact that children receive other vaccines that have adjuvants like AI (aluminum) and compounds like ethylmercury which have also been found in research studies to increase the chances of children developing neurological disorders, or in adult cases can cause other forms of neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's.
originally posted by: ElectricUniverse
Now, to understand why i posted the link and abstracts about immune and/or Mitochindrial Dysfunction, sulfation and/or Detoxification Deficits in Autism, you have to take in context the other research I have posted throughout this thread which shows how certain vaccines, or the adjuvants in vaccines like AI(aluminum) or compounds like ethylmercury can cause these autoimmune dysfunctions and neurological disorders.
originally posted by: ElectricUniverse
originally posted by: Pardon?
...
Their conclusion was pre-decided. That's not how research works.
In case you didn't know doctors and specialists give their opinion to the best of the available information they can access, and according to the research they have done, or have read... Again, if vaccines were completely safe, like you claim, then there wouldn't be a plethora of research that refutes your claims. You can try to dissect the research that refutes your claim by making more false claims like you keep doing.
All you are doing is giving YOUR biased opinion meanwhile dismissing anything and everything that shows you are wrong.
You have given evidence from an economics perspective, you did give in that other thread dealing with this subject a paper by economists who claimed vaccines are safe, but somehow your research is more valid than this one which is not alone...
The beliefs of a person on other subjects does not invalidate what they have to say about this particular subject... Again, it is a fallacy on your part to claim so. All you keep doing is making false claims to invalidate any data that refutes your claims.
You have gone so far as insulting me, even trying to persuade members by claiming I am an abuser of children (which is completely false) claiming i don't know how to do research when i have proven that you knowingly continue to lie, you make false claims, and fallacious arguments which in the end are only trying to derail this thread.
You have gone so far as claiming that the body can readily and easily get rid of any toxins from vaccines, which is completely false. Not to mention the claim that no vaccine has ethylmercury anymore, alongside other claims which i have proven to be false. But even after proving this you continue denying everything...
BTW, Vijendra Kumar Singh is a known neuroimmunologist who has testified before Congress on this topic and is the author of over 100 scientific publications. Not to mention the fact that he is not the only expert who has found that the majority of autistic children suffer from an autoimmune disease, or that they have an abnormal and elevated measles-mumps-rubella antibodies...
J Biomed Sci. 2002 Jul-Aug;9(4):359-64.
Abnormal measles-mumps-rubella antibodies and CNS autoimmunity in children with autism.
Singh VK1, Lin SX, Newell E, Nelson C.
Author information
1Department of Biology and Biotechnology Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, USA. [email protected]
Abstract
Autoimmunity to the central nervous system (CNS), especially to myelin basic protein (MBP), may play a causal role in autism, a neurodevelopmental disorder. Because many autistic children harbor elevated levels of measles antibodies, we conducted a serological study of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) and MBP autoantibodies. Using serum samples of 125 autistic children and 92 control children, antibodies were assayed by ELISA or immunoblotting methods. ELISA analysis showed a significant increase in the level of MMR antibodies in autistic children. Immunoblotting analysis revealed the presence of an unusual MMR antibody in 75 of 125 (60%) autistic sera but not in control sera. This antibody specifically detected a protein of 73-75 kD of MMR. This protein band, as analyzed with monoclonal antibodies, was immunopositive for measles hemagglutinin (HA) protein but not for measles nucleoprotein and rubella or mumps viral proteins. Thus the MMR antibody in autistic sera detected measles HA protein, which is unique to the measles subunit of the vaccine. Furthermore, over 90% of MMR antibody-positive autistic sera were also positive for MBP autoantibodies, suggesting a strong association between MMR and CNS autoimmunity in autism. Stemming from this evidence, we suggest that an inappropriate antibody response to MMR, specifically the measles component thereof, might be related to pathogenesis of autism.
Copyright 2002 National Science Council, ROC and S. Karger AG, Basel
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov...
originally posted by: Pardon?
Now post the links which show a causation from vaccines.
Or show me a study which links vaccines and mito dys to autism please.
If there is a link it should be easy to demonstrate.
If there isn't however...
...
. Controls were all negative. The sequences obtained from the patients with Crohn's disease shared the characteristics with wild-strain virus. The sequences obtained from the patients with ulcerative colitis and children with autism were consistent with being vaccine strains. The results were concordant with the exposure history of the patients. Persistence of measles virus was confirmed in PBMC in some patients with chronic intestinal inflammation.
...
Eurosurveillance, Volume 18, Issue 49, 05 December 2013
Rapid communications
Case of vaccine-associated measles five weeks post-immunisation, British Columbia, Canada, October 2013
M Murti ()1, M Krajden2, M Petric2, J Hiebert3, F Hemming1, B Hefford4, M Bigham1, P Van Buynder1
Fraser Health Authority, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada
Public Health Microbiology and Reference Laboratory British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
1-1400 George St., White Rock, British Columbia, Canada
Citation style for this article: Murti M, Krajden M, Petric M, Hiebert J, Hemming F, Hefford B, Bigham M, Van Buynder P. Case of vaccine-associated measles five weeks post-immunisation, British Columbia, Canada, October 2013. Euro Surveill. 2013;18(49):pii=20649. Available online: www.eurosurveillance.org...
Date of submission: 15 November 2013
We describe a case of vaccine-associated measles in a two-year-old patient from British Columbia, Canada, in October 2013, who received her first dose of measles-containing vaccine 37 days prior to onset of prodromal symptoms. Identification of this delayed vaccine-associated case occurred in the context of an outbreak investigation of a measles cluster.
In this report we describe a case of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine-associated measles illness that was positive by both PCR and IgM, five weeks after administration of the MMR vaccine. Based on our literature review, we believe this is the first such case report which has implications for both public health follow-up of measles cases and vaccine safety surveillance.
...
Laboratory investigations
Laboratory testing for measles was performed on specimens collected on the day of rash onset. Measles RNA was detected in the nasopharyngeal swab by the RT-PCR assay [3]. Acute and convalescent measles specific IgM and IgG antibodies were detected in the blood by ELISA (Enzygnost Anti-Measles Virus IgM and IgG (Dade Behring, Marburg, Germany): IgM detectable (0.213), IgG 1294 mIU/mL, and IgM detectable (0.246), IgG 2,413 mIU/mL, respectively. Virus genotype was determined by the National Microbiology Laboratory in Winnipeg, Canada as vaccine strain, genotype A, MVs/British Columbia/39.13 [A] (VAC) [4]. Other virology testing found no detectable Parvovirus B19 specific IgG or IgM antibody, and detectable human herpesvirus (HHV)-6 specific IgG antibody but no detectable HHV-6 DNA.
Paediatr Child Health. 2012 Apr; 17(4): e32–e33.
PMCID: PMC3381670
Differentiating the wild from the attenuated during a measles outbreak
Lindsay Nestibo, BN RN,1 Bonita E Lee, MD FRCPC MSC (Epi),2 Kevin Fonseca, PhD D(ABMM),3 Jennifer Beirnes,4 Marcia M Johnson, MD MHSc FRCPC,5 and Christopher A Sikora, MD MSc MPH CCFP FRCPC6
1Communicable Disease Control, Alberta Health Services;
2Paediatric Infectious Disease, University of Alberta;
3Provincial Laboratory for Public Health;
4National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada;
5Population and Public Health Division, Alberta Health Services;
6School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta
Correspondence: Dr Christopher A Sikora, University of Alberta, Suite 104 West Tower, Coronation Plaza, 14310–111 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T5M 3Z7. Telephone 780-342-0252, e-mail
...
CASE PRESENTATION
In the spring of 2010, there was heightened awareness of measles infection in the physician community as a result of a public health notification related to several imported measles cases in Alberta. During this period, a 15-month-old child presented to his paediatrician’s office with irritability, a fever (38.8°C), a cough and conjunctivitis. The child had a five-day history of illness that began with an elevated temperature and a raised, sandpaper-like rash that originated at the occiput, and eventually spread to and covered the torso. There was mild cervical lymphadenopathy, and no rhinitis or Koplik spots. The child was not immunocompromised and had no significant medical history. Just 12 days before presentation to his paediatrician, the child was immunized with the M-M-R II vaccine (Merck Canada Inc). A thorough investigation by the Division of Population and Public Health, Alberta Health Services, revealed no significant travel history and no contact with any known measles patients in the preceding four weeks. All other members of the household were healthy and previously immunized with an MMR vaccine.
...
Two weeks after the resolution of symptoms, the National Microbiology Laboratory reported the measles virus in both samples as being genotype A – 100% identical to Genbank entry #FJ2111583 (the Edmonston-Enders vaccine strain).
...
Complications of Measles
...
Severe Complications
Some people may suffer from severe complications, such as pneumonia (infection of the lungs) and encephalitis (swelling of the brain). They may need to be hospitalized and could die.
As many as one out of every 20 children with measles gets pneumonia, the most common cause of death from measles in young children.
About one child out of every 1,000 who get measles will develop encephalitis (swelling of the brain) that can lead to convulsions and can leave the child deaf or with intellectual disability.
For every 1,000 children who get measles, one or two will die from it.
...
Measles Inclusion-Body Encephalitis Caused by the Vaccine Strain of Measles Virus
Ari Bitnun, Patrick Shannon,* Andrew Durward,*
Paul A. Rota, William J. Bellini, Caroline Graham,
Elaine Wang, Elizabeth L. Ford-Jones, Peter Cox,
Laurence Becker, Margaret Fearon, Martin Petric,
and Raymond Tellier
From the Divisions of Infectious Diseases, Pathology, Immunology, and
Microbiology, Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Hospital for
Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Measles Section, Division of
Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases,
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; and Viral, Parasitic and
Immunodiagnostic Laboratory, Ministry of Health of Ontario, Toronto,
Ontario, Canada
We report a case of measles inclusion-body encephalitis (MIBE) occurring in an apparently
healthy 21-month-old boy 8.5 months after measles-mumps-rubella vaccination. He had no prior
evidence of immune deficiency and no history of measles exposure or clinical disease. During
hospitalization, a primary immunodeficiency characterized by a profoundly depressed CD8 cell
count and dysgammaglobulinemia was demonstrated. A brain biopsy revealed histopathologic
features consistent with MIBE, and measles antigens were detected by immunohistochemical
staining. Electron microscopy revealed inclusions characteristic of paramyxovirus nucleocapsids
within neurons, oligodendroglia, and astrocytes. The presence of measles virus in the brain tissue was
confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The nucleotide sequence in the
nucleoprotein and fusion gene regions was identical to that of the Moraten and Schwarz vaccine
strains; the fusion gene differed from known genotype A wild-type viruses.
...
Pediatrics. 2004 Nov;114(5):e657-60.
A new complication of stem cell transplantation: measles inclusion body encephalitis.
Freeman AF1, Jacobsohn DA, Shulman ST, Bellini WJ, Jaggi P, de Leon G, Keating GF, Kim F, Pachman LM, Kletzel M, Duerst RE.
Author information
1Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and Children's Memorial Hospital, 2300 Children's Plaza, Chicago, IL 60614, USA. [email protected]
Abstract
Measles inclusion body encephalitis (MIBE) is a disease of the immunocompromised host and typically occurs within 1 year of acute measles infection or vaccination. We report a 13-year-old boy who had chronic granulomatous disease and presented 38 days after stem cell transplantation with afebrile focal seizures that progressed despite multiple anticonvulsants. After an extensive diagnostic evaluation, brain biopsy was performed, revealing numerous intranuclear inclusion bodies consistent with paramyxovirus nucleocapsids. Measles studies including reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and viral growth confirmed measles virus, genotype D3. Immunohistochemistry was positive for measles nucleoprotein. Despite intravenous ribavirin therapy, the patient died. MIBE has not been described in stem cell recipients but is a disease of immunocompromised hosts and typically occurs within 1 year of measles infection, exposure, or vaccination. Our case is unusual as neither the patient nor the stem cell donor had apparent recent measles exposure or vaccination, and neither had recent travel to measles-endemic regions. The patient had an erythematous rash several weeks before the neurologic symptoms; however, skin biopsy was consistent with graft-versus-host disease, and immunohistochemistry studies for measles nucleoprotein were negative. As measles genotype D3 has not been seen in areas where the child lived since his early childhood, the possibility of an unusually long latency period between initial measles infection and MIBE is raised. In addition, this case demonstrates the utility of brain biopsy in the diagnosis of encephalitis of unknown cause in the immunocompromised host.
What is the cause of a rash after measles-mumps-rubella vaccination?
Med. J. Aust.
Med J Aust 1999 Aug;171(4):194-5
G A Jenkin, D Chibo, H A Kelly, P A Lynch, M G Catton
Surveillance and laboratory confirmation of measles will increase in importance as Australia implements enhanced measles control. We describe a 17-month-old child with fever and rash after measles-mumps-rubella vaccination. Detection of vaccine-strain measles virus in his urine by polymerase chain reaction confirmed the diagnosis of a vaccine reaction rather than wild-type measles. We propose that measles virus should be sought and identified as vaccine or wild-type virus when the relationship between vaccination and measles-like illness is uncertain.
Affiliation
Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, North West Health Care Network, Melbourne, VIC.
CASE REPORT Open Access
Local public health response to vaccine-associated
measles: case report
Monica Hau 1,2*, Kevin L Schwartz 3,4, Crystal Frenette 1, Isabelle Mogck 1, Jonathan B Gubbay 3,4,5, Alberto Severini 6,7, Joanne Hiebert 6, Shelley L Deeks 2,5 and Shaun K Morris 3,4
Abstract
Background:
The most appropriate public health approach to vaccine-associated measles in immunocompromised
patients is unknown, mainly because these cases are rare and transmission of vaccine-associated measles has not
been previously documented. In this case report, we describe Peel Public Health
’
s response to a vaccine-associated
measles case in an immunocompromised child in Ontario, Canada.
Case presentation:
A five-year-old Canadian-born boy with a history of a hematopoetic stem cell transplant three
years previously received live attenuated measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine. Over the subsequent 7 to
14 days, he developed an illness clinically consistent with measles. There was no travel history or other measles
exposure. Serology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing confirmed acute measles infection. Following
discussion with pediatric infectious diseases specialists, but prior to the availability of virus sequencing, it was felt
that this case was most likely due to vaccine strain. Although no microbiologically confirmed secondary cases of
vaccine-associated measles have been previously described, we sent notification letters to advise all contacts of
measles symptoms since the likelihood of transmission from an immunocompromised patient was low, but
theoretically possible. We decided to stratify contacts into immune competent and compromised and to deal with
the latter group conservatively by excluding them as if they were exposed to wild-type measles because the risk of
transmission of disease in this population, while presumably very low, is unknown. However, no contacts
self-identified as immunocompromised and there were no secondary cases. Subsequent genotyping confirmed
that this case was caused by vaccine strain measles virus.
Conclusion:
The public health approach to contact tracing and exclusions for vaccine-associated measles in
immunocompromised patients is unclear. The rarity of secondary cases provides further evidence that the risk to
the general public is likely extremely low. Although the risk appears negligible, exclusion and administration of
immune globulin may be considered for susceptible, immunocompromised contacts of cases of vaccine-associated
measles in immunocompromised patients.
...
originally posted by: ElectricUniverse
originally posted by: Pardon?
Now post the links which show a causation from vaccines.
Or show me a study which links vaccines and mito dys to autism please.
If there is a link it should be easy to demonstrate.
If there isn't however...
Are you for real ?... Have to wonder since I have already posted those links SEVERAL TIMES, and all you do is "deny, deny, deny, deny" such link...
...
. Controls were all negative. The sequences obtained from the patients with Crohn's disease shared the characteristics with wild-strain virus. The sequences obtained from the patients with ulcerative colitis and children with autism were consistent with being vaccine strains. The results were concordant with the exposure history of the patients. Persistence of measles virus was confirmed in PBMC in some patients with chronic intestinal inflammation.
...
originally posted by: ElectricUniverse
originally posted by: Pardon?
Now post the links which show a causation from vaccines.
Or show me a study which links vaccines and mito dys to autism please.
If there is a link it should be easy to demonstrate.
If there isn't however...
Are you for real ?... Have to wonder since I have already posted those links SEVERAL TIMES, and all you do is "deny, deny, deny, deny" such link...
But, if you want more recent findings which corroborate my statements, and corroborate other research including those from Japan, here you go.
Eurosurveillance, Volume 18, Issue 49, 05 December 2013
Rapid communications
Case of vaccine-associated measles five weeks post-immunisation, British Columbia, Canada, October 2013
M Murti ()1, M Krajden2, M Petric2, J Hiebert3, F Hemming1, B Hefford4, M Bigham1, P Van Buynder1
Fraser Health Authority, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada
Public Health Microbiology and Reference Laboratory British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
1-1400 George St., White Rock, British Columbia, Canada
Citation style for this article: Murti M, Krajden M, Petric M, Hiebert J, Hemming F, Hefford B, Bigham M, Van Buynder P. Case of vaccine-associated measles five weeks post-immunisation, British Columbia, Canada, October 2013. Euro Surveill. 2013;18(49):pii=20649. Available online: www.eurosurveillance.org...
Date of submission: 15 November 2013
We describe a case of vaccine-associated measles in a two-year-old patient from British Columbia, Canada, in October 2013, who received her first dose of measles-containing vaccine 37 days prior to onset of prodromal symptoms. Identification of this delayed vaccine-associated case occurred in the context of an outbreak investigation of a measles cluster.
In this report we describe a case of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine-associated measles illness that was positive by both PCR and IgM, five weeks after administration of the MMR vaccine. Based on our literature review, we believe this is the first such case report which has implications for both public health follow-up of measles cases and vaccine safety surveillance.
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Laboratory investigations
Laboratory testing for measles was performed on specimens collected on the day of rash onset. Measles RNA was detected in the nasopharyngeal swab by the RT-PCR assay [3]. Acute and convalescent measles specific IgM and IgG antibodies were detected in the blood by ELISA (Enzygnost Anti-Measles Virus IgM and IgG (Dade Behring, Marburg, Germany): IgM detectable (0.213), IgG 1294 mIU/mL, and IgM detectable (0.246), IgG 2,413 mIU/mL, respectively. Virus genotype was determined by the National Microbiology Laboratory in Winnipeg, Canada as vaccine strain, genotype A, MVs/British Columbia/39.13 [A] (VAC) [4]. Other virology testing found no detectable Parvovirus B19 specific IgG or IgM antibody, and detectable human herpesvirus (HHV)-6 specific IgG antibody but no detectable HHV-6 DNA.
www.eurosurveillance.org...
Paediatr Child Health. 2012 Apr; 17(4): e32–e33.
PMCID: PMC3381670
Differentiating the wild from the attenuated during a measles outbreak
Lindsay Nestibo, BN RN,1 Bonita E Lee, MD FRCPC MSC (Epi),2 Kevin Fonseca, PhD D(ABMM),3 Jennifer Beirnes,4 Marcia M Johnson, MD MHSc FRCPC,5 and Christopher A Sikora, MD MSc MPH CCFP FRCPC6
1Communicable Disease Control, Alberta Health Services;
2Paediatric Infectious Disease, University of Alberta;
3Provincial Laboratory for Public Health;
4National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada;
5Population and Public Health Division, Alberta Health Services;
6School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta
Correspondence: Dr Christopher A Sikora, University of Alberta, Suite 104 West Tower, Coronation Plaza, 14310–111 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T5M 3Z7. Telephone 780-342-0252, e-mail
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CASE PRESENTATION
In the spring of 2010, there was heightened awareness of measles infection in the physician community as a result of a public health notification related to several imported measles cases in Alberta. During this period, a 15-month-old child presented to his paediatrician’s office with irritability, a fever (38.8°C), a cough and conjunctivitis. The child had a five-day history of illness that began with an elevated temperature and a raised, sandpaper-like rash that originated at the occiput, and eventually spread to and covered the torso. There was mild cervical lymphadenopathy, and no rhinitis or Koplik spots. The child was not immunocompromised and had no significant medical history. Just 12 days before presentation to his paediatrician, the child was immunized with the M-M-R II vaccine (Merck Canada Inc). A thorough investigation by the Division of Population and Public Health, Alberta Health Services, revealed no significant travel history and no contact with any known measles patients in the preceding four weeks. All other members of the household were healthy and previously immunized with an MMR vaccine.
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Two weeks after the resolution of symptoms, the National Microbiology Laboratory reported the measles virus in both samples as being genotype A – 100% identical to Genbank entry #FJ2111583 (the Edmonston-Enders vaccine strain).
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov...
It is known that measles can cause encephalitis...even the CDC admits this much...
Complications of Measles
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Severe Complications
Some people may suffer from severe complications, such as pneumonia (infection of the lungs) and encephalitis (swelling of the brain). They may need to be hospitalized and could die.
As many as one out of every 20 children with measles gets pneumonia, the most common cause of death from measles in young children.
About one child out of every 1,000 who get measles will develop encephalitis (swelling of the brain) that can lead to convulsions and can leave the child deaf or with intellectual disability.
For every 1,000 children who get measles, one or two will die from it.
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www.cdc.gov...
But you go ahead and keep claiming there is no such link...
originally posted by: Pardon?
Whilst all you do is close your eyes and keep on re-posting the same links.
Gish-gallop.
originally posted by: Pardon?
What a surprise.
No mention of vaccines at all in any of the studies you cite.
Keep digging.
originally posted by: Pardon?
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Therefore, by your logic, if you get vaccinated you are a thousand times less likely to develop autism.
VACCINATE YOUR CHILDREN.
originally posted by: Pardon?
I've just been having a look through the links you've provided (which seems to be more than you have with the ones I linked to...)
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You keep on posting links about mercury being a factor in neurological disorders even though there's effectively no mercury in childhood vaccines and hasn't been since 1999 (even though that mercury was bound as a salt and was ethylmercury etc etc etc).
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Do the 2014-2015 seasonal flu vaccines contain thimerosal?
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved several formulations of the seasonal flu vaccine, including multi-dose vials and single-dose units. (See Table of Approved Influenza Vaccines for the U.S. 2014–2015 Season.) Since seasonal influenza vaccine is produced in large quantities for annual vaccination campaigns, some of the vaccine is produced in multi-dose vials, and contains thimerosal to safeguard against possible contamination of the vial once it is opened.
The single-dose units are made without thimerosal as a preservative because they are intended to be opened and used only once. Additionally, the live-attenuated version of the vaccine (the nasal spray vaccine), is produced in single-dose units and does not contain thimerosal.
Is thimerosal being used in other vaccines?
Since 2001, no new vaccine licensed by FDA for use in children has contained thimerosal as a preservative, and all vaccines routinely recommended by CDC for children younger than 6 years of age have been thimerosal-free, or contain only trace amounts of thimerosal, except for some formulations of influenza vaccine. The most recent and rigorous scientific research does not support the argument that thimerosal-containing vaccines are harmful. CDC and FDA continually evaluate new scientific information about the safety of vaccines.
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originally posted by: Pardon?
OH NOEZ! INGRDIEMENTZ & CHERMICURLS!!!
Anyway,
Just ignore what I've written like a good little anti-vaxxer.
Your body no more more exratcts mercury and aluminium from vaccines the same way as you body doesn't separate sodium and chloride (which incidentally are far more toxic in their elemental forms than anything you've posted) from natural salt.
I'm trying to keep the comparisons as simple as I think you mind can keep up with.
originally posted by: Pardon?
It's not even in all of the patients is it?
No, no it's not.
Does that show that the measles virus CAUSED the colitis or autism?
No, no it doesn't does it?
It's not even correlative.
June 27, 2012
27 Jun (PHILADELPHIA) – Merck has known for a decade that its mumps vaccine is “far less effective” than it tells the government, and it falsified test results and sold millions of doses of “questionable efficacy,” flooding and monopolizing the market, a primary caregiver claims in a federal antitrust class action.
Alabama-based Chatom Primary Care sued Merck on Monday, the week after the unsealing of a False Claims Act complaint two relators filed in 2010.
Those relators, Stephen Krahling and Joan Wlochowski, were Merck virologists who claim in their unsealed complaint that they “witnessed firsthand the improper testing and data falsification in which Merck engaged to artificially inflate the vaccine’s efficacy findings.”
Krahling and Wlochowski claimed Merck’s scheme caused the United States to pay “hundreds of millions of dollars for a vaccine that does not provide adequate immunization.”
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A central figure behind the Center for Disease Control's (CDC) claims disputing the link between vaccines and autism and other neurological disorders has disappeared after officials discovered massive fraud involving the theft of millions in taxpayer dollars. Danish police are investigating Dr. Poul Thorsen, who has vanished along with almost $2 million that he had supposedly spent on research.
Thorsen was a leading member of a Danish research group that wrote several key studies supporting CDC's claims that the MMR vaccine and mercury-laden vaccines were safe for children. Thorsen's 2003 Danish study reported a 20-fold increase in autism in Denmark after that country banned mercury based preservatives in its vaccines. His study concluded that mercury could therefore not be the culprit behind the autism epidemic.
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originally posted by: Pardon?
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Let's look in to your theory that since the vaccine can cause encephalitis and that you think that encephalitis causes autism (which it doesn't, autism ISN'T a brain injury) by your logic that would mean that measles causes autism.
Think about it.
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Autism Spectrum Disorder Secondary to Enterovirus Encephalitis
Filipa Marques, MD1⇑
Maria João Brito, MD1
Marta Conde, MD1
Mónica Pinto, MD2
Ana Moreira, MD3
1Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Dona Estefânia, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central–EPE, Lisbon, Portugal
2Child Development Centre, Hospital Dona Estefânia, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central–EPE, Lisbon, Portugal
3Paediatric Neurology Unit, Hospital Dona Estefânia, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central–EPE, Lisbon, Portugal
Filipa Marques, MD, Infectious Diseases Unit. Hospital Dona Estefânia, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central – EPE, Rua Jacinto Marto, 1169-045 Lisboa, Portugal. Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Millions of children are infected by enteroviruses each year, usually exhibiting only mild symptoms. Nevertheless, these viruses are also associated with severe and life-threatening infections, such as meningitis and encephalitis. We describe a 32-month-old patient with enteroviral encephalitis confirmed by polymerase chain reaction in cerebrospinal fluid, with unfavorable clinical course with marked developmental regression, autistic features, persistent stereotypes and aphasia. She experienced slow clinical improvement, with mild residual neurologic and developmental deficits at follow-up. Viral central nervous system infections in early childhood have been associated with autism spectrum disorders but the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. This case report is significant in presenting a case of developmental regression with autistic features and loss of language improving on follow-up. To our knowledge, this is the first published report of enterovirus encephalitis leading to an autism spectrum disorder.
Dev Med Child Neurol. 2006 Feb;48(2):85-9.
Autism following a history of newborn encephalopathy: more than a coincidence?
Badawi N1, Dixon G, Felix JF, Keogh JM, Petterson B, Stanley FJ, Kurinczuk JJ.
Author information
1Department of Neonatology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia.
Abstract
Between June 1993 and December 1996, 276 term newborn infants with encephalopathy and 564 randomly selected term controls were enrolled in a population-based study of moderate and severe term newborn encephalopathy (NE) in Western Australia. During comprehensive neurobehavioural and cognitive follow-up of all patients and controls at 3 years and again at 5 years of age we found an unexpected but strong association between NE and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). A diagnosis of ASD by age 5 years was reached using criteria according of the Diagnostic Statistical Manual, 4th edition. Linking records to the Western Australian Disability Services Commission Register ensured that no child in the study with ASD was missed. By age 5 years, 37 (13.4%) infants with NE and one (0.2%) control had died. Among the 239 survivors of NE, 12 (5%) were diagnosed with an ASD. Of these, 10 (4.2%) met the full criteria for autism, one had pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified, and one had Asperger syndrome. Among the 563 surviving controls, five (0.8%) were diagnosed with an ASD: three with autism, one with autism/possible Asperger syndrome, and one with Asperger syndrome. Compared with the controls, the children who had experienced NE were 5.9 times (95% confidence interval 2.0-16.9) more likely to have been diagnosed with an ASD.