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CIA factbook
death penalty for traffickers; increasing consumption of heroin, coc aine, and hashish; not a major money-laundering center, improving anti-money-laundering legislation
little mamluke history
1260-
Battle of Ayn Jalut- Hulugau & the Mongol horde are turned back from Egypt by the Mamaluke army of Sultan Baibars. The Mongols had ridden since China and ravaged Bagdhad,Moscow and the Holyland.The Mamelukes were originally a elite guard of slaves handpicked as children to be brought up as fanatical fighting machines. They eventually seized power in Egypt and ran things until Napoleon's invasion in 1798.
When emmissaries from the Caliph of Bagdhad asked the Mameluke sultan who was his family and by what right did he rule the Sultan shook his scimitar in their faces and declared "This is by what right I rule!' and throwing some gold coins on the floor and watching the slaves and eunuchs scamper for them "And That is my family!!'
brief on Young turks
The Young Turks was the name given to a group of army officers who favoured reforming the administration of the Ottoman Empire. In 1908 the group rebelled against the rule of Sultan Abdul Hamid.