Simulator
A close look at the refueling probe
[edit on 24-12-2004 by Lucretius]
Chinese H-6 refueling tanker and technology. They have had in-flight refueling for a decade folks.
Another recent modification of the H-6 is that of an air-to-air tanker. Although a program like this has ran for at least a decade, it is only a few years back when the aerial refueling capability of the PLAAF with H-6 tankers was confirmed. During the parade in honor of the fiftieth anniversary of the People's Republic of China, an H-6 tanker and two J-8D interceptors with refueling probes were part of the display over Beijing.
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The aerial refueling system used by the Chinese is the hose-and-drogue system in which the tanker aircraft rolls out a hose with a basket, which the receiving aircraft has to connect to with a probe. This system was developed in the late 1940s by British company Flight Refueling Ltd at Hurn airport, and it was this very same company, which developed the equipment currently in use with the PLAAF. Although the tanker force is still very small, consisting of some twenty aircraft at most, at least two versions of the H-6U tanker have so far been identified. The first one is almost definitely a rebuilt H-6D, and is called H-6DU. This one is easily recognized by the large H-6D style radome and glazed nose. The wing pylons for missile carriage are removed, but further outboard on the wings are two hose-drum-units or HDUs. These contain the hoses for fuel transfer on a winch, and the pumps.
As an old "tanker toad" (4000+ flying hours as a navigator/instructor nav in the KC-135 and its variants) I've been curious about the H-6's performance as a tanker and suspect that the aircraft may have been underestimated in this role. Supporting this notion is the fact that models of the Tu-16 were the Russians' most numerous tanker for decades, and the RAF used the Victor (similar to the Tu-16 in size and performance) as its primary tanker until recently. Especially considering that the H-6 tankers are primarily intended to support fighters - specifically the J-8D - which require a relatively small offload, this aircraft may be more capable than first appears.
From examining open sources it appears that the only mode of operation observed to date has been "buddy" or escort-type refueling. However, the HU-6 is equipped with an air-to-air Tacan-like system (based on Russian RSBN) that provides "mutual detection" (apparently azimuth and range information) between tanker and receiver within 200 km and is obviously intended to facilitate rendezvous. These are likely to be by timing (what the USAF terms an "enroute" rendezvous), and it's possible that something similar to an anchor-type refueling - which is, in essence, refueling in a holding pattern - is planned for some situations.
If you look at a map of Southeast Asia the capability this gives China becomes readily apparent. Operating from Hainan, J-8s could be employed for a range of options, from escorting a missile-armed H-6D on an anti-shipping sortie in the South China Sea to covering a Y-8 dropping Chinese special forces into northern Indonesia to teach proper respect for Chinese nationals. Particularly striking is the coverage this allows of the Spratly and Paracel islands. At any rate, the stated J-8D tactical radius with A/R of 1200 km is quite realistic and allows for considerable flexibility.
Does China's purchase of IL-78s imply that these will supplant the HU-6 tankers? I don't think so. A recent Australian study pointed out the advantages of small/medium tankers - flexibility and relatively low acquisition and operation costs - and lamented that the RAAF couldn't afford a mix of these with large "strategic" tankers. The US, the UK, and Russia all employ such a mix, and it appears that this is what China intends as well.
Seen in this light the HU-6 tanker appears to be a thoroughly practical proposition, one which provides a measurable boost to PLAAF and PLANAF power projection capabilities at relatively low cost.
Originally posted by Disturbed Deliverer
Apparently they do according to a post that's just been added. Even if they didn't this isn't exactly nuclear physics. They just had other things to spend money on first. You've got so much budget, so many men, so much material and you make choices. If mid-air refueling isn't a vital part of your strategy but improving your missile range is, you do the important one first, even if the other one is easier, because then you get your important one done a few months or years earlier.
Seems more likely it's more for testing then actual combat. I don't think they have any real capability, certainly not anything to pass on to Iran.
e.