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Caliphate and civil war (632–750)
The Great Mosque of Kairouan, established in 670 in Kairouan, Tunisia, represents one of the best architectural examples of Islamic civilization.[143]
Further information: Succession to Muhammad, Muslim conquests and Battle of Karbala
With Muhammad's death in 632, disagreement broke out over who would succeed him as leader of the Muslim community. Abu Bakr, a companion and close friend of Muhammad, was made the first caliph. Under Abu Bakr the Muslims expanded into Syria after putting down a rebellion by Arab tribes in an episode known as the Ridda wars, or "Wars of Apostasy".[144] The Quran was compiled into a single volume at this time.
His death in 634 resulted in the succession of Umar ibn al-Khattab as the caliph, followed by Uthman ibn al-Affan, Ali ibn Abi Talib and Hasan ibn Ali. The first caliphs are known as al-khulafā' ar-rāshidūn ("Rightly Guided Caliphs"). Under them, the territory under Muslim rule expanded deeply into the parts of the Persian and Byzantine territories.[145]
When Umar was assassinated by Persians in 644, the election of Uthman as successor was met with increasing opposition. The standard copies of the Quran were also distributed throughout the Islamic State. In 656, Uthman was also killed, and Ali assumed the position of caliph. After the first civil war (the "First Fitna"), Ali was assassinated by Kharijites in 661. Following a peace treaty, Mu'awiyah came to power and began the Umayyad dynasty.[146]
These disputes over religious and political leadership would give rise to schism in the Muslim community. The majority accepted the legitimacy of the three rulers prior to Ali, and became known as Sunnis. A minority disagreed, and believed that only Ali and some of his descendants should rule; they became known as the Shia.[147] After Mu'awiyah's death in 680, conflict over succession broke out again in a civil war known as the "Second Fitna".
Ali’s supporters, who believed that direct descendants of Muhammad were the only rightful leaders of the faith, would become known as the Shia (from “Shi’at Ali,” or “the party of Ali”). Those who became the Sunni believed instead that their leaders should be elected from among those most capable of worldly as well as spiritual leadership. Both sides occasionally gained control in the fractious early Caliphate, and although Ali eventually became the fourth caliph, his reign was short and ended in assassination. He was followed by Muawiyah of the prominent Umayyad family, but when Muawiyah was succeeded by his son, Yazid I, the Shia revolted, demanding that Ali’s son, Hussein, be named caliph. Hussein set out from Mecca to meet his supporters, but he and his family were massacred by Umayyad troops at the Battle of Karbala. While political power would occasionally still shift after this, the Shia were to remain an often-persecuted minority throughout the era of the Caliphate.
originally posted by: OpinionatedB
a reply to: lostbook
Well, its best for such a person, with such immense responsibility, are appointed by God, and without any err or sin.
A religious society is not like a secular one... they are God's rules, and it should be God deciding them.
1. There are also no verses in Quran to tell us how to pray. We learn some of our duties from Hadith not Quran.
2. There are certain verses but you need to look at Hadith to understand their true meaning cause we are advised to learn Quran from the Prophet and Hadith is his teachings.
3. Long and complicated analysis of certain verses of Quran to prove that even without the help of Hadith, they are proving Imamat.
4. There is no mention of the name of our Prophet in Bible but still Christians need to believe in the Prophet
5. The verses of Quran are usually general and it is not the style of Quran to name people (i.e. Imams)
6. Quran says “follow the Prophet”. There are Hadith from the Prophet that prove the doctrine of Imamat and this should be enough for a Muslim if he wants to follow the Prophet.
7. There are not explicit verses because if they were, Quran was in danger of fabrication
8. Finally among the classic scholars of Shia at the old times there were some of them who hold that Quran is changed by Sahabah (ra) and that certain verses are removed from it.
9. Where in Quran it is said that Muslims should choose a Khalifah by themselves?
10. Show us the names of the prophets between ... and ... in Quran if you think that every thing should be in Quran
11. It is a test that's why it is not mentioned in Quran
12. Arguments that use few verses of Quran out of the context
originally posted by: OpinionatedB
a reply to: LightningStrikesHere
I'm not doing your sunni verses shia debate... if you want one of those join a site such as shiachat.
originally posted by: OpinionatedB
a reply to: LightningStrikesHere
Speaking out?
Against Sunni?
The only thing that I have spoken out against is radicalization of islam... if you think Sunni Islam fits that... that is your opinion, of course, that is not everyone's opinion. Sunnis as a whole don't bother me - it is simply a different school of thought than my own.
Most don't even realize what shia believe, unless of course they run into the odd sunni shia debate, which places like shiachat are full of. You should join, you might like it. Give you someone to fight with. www.shiachat.com...
And... according to sunni Islam in the teachings of many of these groups including salafi, is that he has not committed any sin, even by killing all these people - because he can say they are kafir or were fighting with the christians and it was his duty or some other such thing.
There is little denying, without denying your entire belief, that he is caliph.(of the sunni's) And... in that, you will be hard pressed to find a sunni to fight him now.
Sadly, you keep saying there are people in Iraq who are fighting them. Yes... the shia. Not the sunni - they are handing over their weapons and banks,.. it is only the shia who are fighting.
Teachings like this COULD NOT EXIST but for the fact you have NOT 1 hadith in your books which expressly forbide it!
Shia do have many many ahadith which expressly forbid such things... MANY.....
Sunni are left trying to jump hoops with polemics and playing catch-up with the jihadists because your books do not forbid such action as the jihadi's promote.
A sunni can pick up and fight there without being asked, and without ever having to wonder if they are following their religion properly while a shia even if asked will always have to wonder. So while the hands of the shia become tied with our laws, the sunni have no such laws governing whether or not they could up and fight against ISIS.
As the sunnis around the world sit still and let the new caliphate rise to power in the ME, it will be the most damning condemnation of all... because you all sat back and watched it happen.
originally posted by: LightningStrikesHere
Answer my two questions
Question One: Where is the doctrine of Imamat in Quran?
Question Two: How does the current Imam lead Shia?
originally posted by: nenothtu
originally posted by: LightningStrikesHere
Answer my two questions
I'll answer them for you.
Question One: Where is the doctrine of Imamat in Quran?
Answer One: The same place that is found Abu Bakr was authorized as kalifa. That limiting sources sword cuts two ways.
Question Two: How does the current Imam lead Shia?
Answer Two: He doesn't.To think he does is to be ignorant of Shi'ism. He's not even here according to them, so how in the world could he "lead" them? If their Imam was here, they wouldn't be waiting for his return.
Now I have a question for you: Where is it found in the Qur'an that one is to preferentially follow the salaf? We will use the limits you yourself have set: use ONLY the Qur'an as your source, NO hadith, NO opinion or interpretation, nor any other innovations. I want the Qur'anic verse that limits authoritativeness to the first three generations.
originally posted by: BobAthome
a reply to: LightningStrikesHere
for some,, for other,, it is what it is,, 4 independent videos of an event.