Scientists have been working with stem cells, including cord cells, for over 50 years in the public domain. Which means work in private clinics has
been going on longer. The reason for using stem cells from different sources is that each kind has specific strengths and limitations.
The first and only stem cell transplant to become available to ordinary people is 'bone marrow' transplants for leukemia. The technology was
developed in the 1950's and absolutely confirmed in the 1960's - but insurance companies did not want to cover it, so they claimed it was
experimental. It took about 30 years of hard fighting to force insurance companies to acknowledge that transplanting stem cells from bone marrow to
treat leukemia was NOT an experimental treatment.
...Here's a quick and dirty look at the
public history of stem cell research.
1. Scientists have been working with umbilical cord stem cells, and others, for over 50 years.
Note: "Fibroblasts" are connective tissue stem cells.
* [Effect of human umbilical cord extracts on growth of in vitro culture of embryonal fibroblasts.] C R Hebd Seances Acad Sci. 1955 May
16;240(20):2018-20. LASFARGUES E, DANIEL P, DELAUNAY A. PMID: 14390784
* [Effects of human umbilical cord extracts on the growth of embryo fibroblasts cultured in vitro.] C R Hebd Seances Acad Sci. 1955 Jan
24;240(4):457-9. LASFARGUES E, DANIEL P, DELAUNAY A. PMID: 14364852
* Influence of human cord extracts on chick embryonic fibroblasts grown in vitro. Exp Cell Res. 1956 Feb;10(1):188-93. LASFARGUES EY, DELAUNAY A,
DANIEL P. PMID: 13294127
* [Effect of human serum of benign tumor patients on fibroblasts cultivated in vitro.] Rev Soc Argent Biol. 1950 Apr-May;26(1-2):1-7. SACERDOTE de
LUSTIG E, MANCINI RE. PMID: 14781570
* [Effect of human cerebrospinal fluid on the fibroblast in vitro.] Rev Soc Argent Biol. 1951 Jun-Jul;27(3-4):114-7. SACERDOTE DE LUSTIG E. PMID:
14900760
* Stimulating effect of nucleoprotein fraction of chick embryo extract on homologous heart fibroblasts.
Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1953 Jun;83(2):390-5. KUTSKY RJ. PMID: 13064279
* [Studies on growth promoting substances of embryonal extracts in fibroblasts cultures.] Biochem Z. 1953;324(3):195-203. BAYERLE H, BANDIER J. PMID:
13126131
2. Researchers have been transplanting stem cells for over 50 years.
* The development of variations in transplantability and morphology within a clone of mouse fibroblasts transformed to sarcoma-producing cells in
vitro. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1954 Oct;15(2):215-37. SANFORD KK, LIKELY GD, EARLE WR. PMID: 13233880
3. The link between stem cell mutations and cancer was recognized over 50 years ago.
* [A case of stem-cell sarcoma of the reticular connective tissue of the endometrium.] Arch De Vecchi Anat Patol. 1956 Jun;24(2):789-805. TARTARINI G.
PMID: 13363603
* Transformation of normal human fibroblasts into histologically malignant tissue in vitro. Science. 1956 Mar 23;123(3195):502-3. LEIGHTON J, KLINE I,
ORR HC. PMID: 13298708
* Further evidence favoring the concept of the stem cell in ascites tumors of rats. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1956 Mar 14;63(5):818-30. MAKINO S. PMID:
13314436
* Transformation of normal human fibroblasts into histologically malignant tissue in vitro. Science. 1956 Mar 23;123(3195):502-3. LEIGHTON J, KLINE I,
ORR HC. PMID: 13298708
* The cytopathogenic effect of the Rous sarcoma virus on chicken fibroblasts in tissue cultures. Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp. 1955 Sep;97(3):248-65. LO
WH, GEY GO, SHAPRAS P. PMID: 13284471
* [Morphology and evolutive possibility of the fibroblast in various inflammatory conditions.] Arch De Vecchi Anat Patol. 1955 Aug;23(2):501-24.
MIGNANI E. PMID: 13283689
* [Stem-cell leukemia.] J Radiol Electrol Arch Electr Medicale. 1951;32(1-2):119-20. BRU, POUTANSANT, PLANEL. PMID: 14841727
* Reticulo-endotheliosis or stem-cell leukemia; a case report. Conn Med. 1949 Dec;13(12):1128-33, illust. EVANS TS, CIPRIANO AP, FERRELL EH Jr. PMID:
15397554
* Production of malignancy in vitro. XII. Further transformations of mouse fibroblasts to sarcomatous cells. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1950
Oct;11(2):351-75. SANFORD KK, EARLE WR, SHELTON E, SCHILLING EL, DUCHESNE EM, LIKELY GD, BECKER MM. PMID: 14795191
4. Transformation works both ways; just as stem cells can mutate and turn cancerous when exposed to chemical and other pathogens or infectious
agents, mutated or cancerous stem cells can revert back to normal when exposed to normal stem cells - a fact recognized over 50 years ago.
* Transformation of carcinoma cells into fibroblasts. Acta Unio Int Contra Cancrum. 1956;12(4):459-60. BUENO P. PMID: 13381572
* The effect of aminopterin and partial exsanguination transfusion on a case of acute stem cell leukemia; a case report and review of the literature
on these two procedures. Ann Intern Med. 1950 Jan;32(1):123-8. ROSS RT, SCHOEMPERLEN CB. PMID: 15404131
* The effect of serum ultrafiltrate on cultivated mast cells and fibroblasts from human skin. Science. 1954 Jan 15;119(3081):99. ZITCER EM, KIRK PL.
PMID: 13122039
............Whether or not we support stem cell research, the therapies have been offered for decades in exclusive private clinics - and always will
be, no matter what we do or think. (See my post above)
Last year, cancer was the #2 killer in America - the stats said 1 in 2 American men would get cancer, and 1 in 3 women. This year, cancer overtook
heart diseases - cancer is now the #1 killer in America.
IMO - the "stem cell debate" is entirely synthetic. It's all about money - and the fact that insurance companies don't want to cover the costs
of treatment.
.
[edit on 21-2-2005 by soficrow]