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originally posted by: midicon
Anyway it would appear to be obvious that the detector affects the experiment.
The scientists thought the same - that the detector (camera) affected the experiment - so they had the camera film what was happening to see what was occurring and then before the results could be seen or known, the information was erased - guess what? - the pattern was interference (wave) - the wave did not become a particle prior to going through the slits.
originally posted by: midicon
How can they film what was occuring without interfering with the experiment?
The delayed choice quantum eraser experiment investigates a paradox. If a photon manifests itself as though it had come by a single path to the detector, then "common sense" (which Wheeler and others challenge) says it must have entered the double-slit device as a particle. If a photon manifests itself as though it had come by two indistinguishable paths, then it must have entered the double-slit device as a wave. If the experimental apparatus is changed while the photon is in mid‑flight, then the photon should reverse its original "decision" as to whether to be a wave or a particle. Wheeler pointed out that when these assumptions are applied to a device of interstellar dimensions, a last-minute decision made on earth on how to observe a photon could alter a decision made millions or even billions of years ago.
Delayed choice experiments have uniformly confirmed the seeming ability of measurements made on photons in the present to alter events occurring in the past. On the other hand, if a photon in flight is interpreted as being in a so-called "superposition of states," i.e. if it is interpreted as something that has the potentiality to manifest as a particle or wave, but during its time in flight is neither, then there is no time paradox. Recent experiments have supported the latter view.[2][3]
Introduction:
In the basic double slit experiment, a beam of light (usually from a laser) is directed perpendicularly towards a wall pierced by two parallel slit apertures. If a detection screen (anything from a sheet of white paper to a CCD) is put on the other side of the double slit wall, a pattern of light and dark fringes will be observed, a pattern that is called an interference pattern. Other atomic-scale entities such as electrons are found to exhibit the same behavior when fired toward a double slit.[4] By decreasing the brightness of the source sufficiently, individual particles that form the interference pattern are detectable.[5] The emergence of an interference pattern suggests that each particle passing through the slits interferes with itself, and that therefore in some sense the particles are going through both slits at once.[6]:110 This is an idea that contradicts our everyday experience of discrete objects.
A well-known thought experiment, which played a vital role in the history of quantum mechanics (for example, see the discussion on Einstein's version of this experiment), demonstrated that if particle detectors are positioned at the slits, showing through which slit a photon goes, the interference pattern will disappear.[4] This which-way experiment illustrates the complementarity principle that photons can behave as either particles or waves, but not both at the same time.[7][8][9] However, technically feasible realizations of this experiment were not proposed until the 1970s.[10]
Which-path information and the visibility of interference fringes are hence complementary quantities. In the double-slit experiment, conventional wisdom held that observing the particles inevitably disturbed them enough to destroy the interference pattern as a result of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle.
However, in 1982, Scully and Drühl found a loophole around this interpretation.[11] They proposed a "quantum eraser" to obtain which-path information without scattering the particles or otherwise introducing uncontrolled phase factors to them. Rather than attempting to observe which photon was entering each slit (thus disturbing them), they proposed to "mark" them with information that, in principle at least, would allow the photons to be distinguished after passing through the slits. Lest there be any misunderstanding, the interference pattern does disappear when the photons are so marked. However, the interference pattern reappears if the which-path information is further manipulated after the marked photons have passed through the double slits to obscure the which-path markings. Since 1982, multiple experiments have demonstrated the validity of the so-called quantum "erasure."[12][13][14]
A simple quantum eraser experiment:
Figure 1. Experiment that shows delayed determination of photon path
A simple version of the quantum eraser can be described as follows: Rather than splitting one photon or its probability wave between two slits, the photon is subjected to a beam splitter. If one thinks in terms of a stream of photons being randomly directed by such a beam splitter to go down two paths that are kept from interaction, it would seem that no photon can then interfere with any other or with itself.
However, if the rate of photon production is reduced so that only one photon is entering the apparatus at any one time, it becomes impossible to understand the photon as only moving through one path, because when the path outputs are redirected so that they coincide on a common detector or detectors, interference phenomena appear.
In the two diagrams in Fig. 1, photons are emitted one at a time from a laser symbolized by a yellow star. They pass through a 50% beam splitter (green block) that reflects or transmits 1/2 of the photons. The reflected or transmitted photons travel along two possible paths depicted by the red or blue lines.
In the top diagram, the trajectories of the photons are clearly known: If a photon emerges from the top of the apparatus, it had to have come by way of the blue path, and if it emerges from the side of the apparatus, it had to have come by way of the red path.
In the bottom diagram, a second beam splitter is introduced at the top right. It can direct either beam toward either path. Thus, photons emerging from each exit port may have come by way of either path.
By introducing the second beam splitter, the path information has been "erased". Erasing the path information results in interference phenomena at detection screens positioned just beyond each exit port. What issues to the right side displays reinforcement, and what issues toward the top displays cancellation.
originally posted by: NorEaster
In fact, your entire sentence is completely nonsensical, and yet it's no less absurd than 99.99999% of Quantum Theory and Quantum Mechanics that has been accepted as wisdom and built upon - with ridiculous net results like... superposition being embraced by people who are certainly smart enough to know better.
originally posted by: smithjustinb
originally posted by: NorEaster
In fact, your entire sentence is completely nonsensical, and yet it's no less absurd than 99.99999% of Quantum Theory and Quantum Mechanics that has been accepted as wisdom and built upon - with ridiculous net results like... superposition being embraced by people who are certainly smart enough to know better.
Sorry, but this is just not true. Superposition, and other quantum theories are being embraced by people who are smart enough to use it to accomplish things like this:
BBC News
So, it looks like to me, you don't really have the lucidity or authority to judge what is sensical and non-sensical.
originally posted by: NorEaster
um.....That story has nothing to do with Superposition.
But in a quantum system, "qubits" are stored in a so-called "superposition state" in which they can be both 1s and 0 at the same time - enabling them to perform multiple calculations simultaneously.
Magnetic field pulses were used to tilt the spin of the nuclei and create superposition states - the qubits of memory.
]
When they raised the system to room temperature (just above 25C) the superposition states survived for 39 minutes.
It has to do with the engineering of a contextually purified environment capable of maintaining the existence of a highly defined, manufactured quantum entanglement (sort of) consisting of quibits (10 billion phosphorous ions) "spinning" in a unified direction for 39 minutes.
The idea of getting those quibs ever maintaining a controllable "state of Superposition" isn't even being attempted yet.
Hell, they can't even get them to stand in line for any real length of time without completely manufacturing an artificial Reality confine that will allow them to stand in line
So, what does that say about the plausibility of quantum entanglement and whatever the hell Superposition is, occurring spontaneously and naturally within the confines of Reality as a universal system? It makes it clear that neither is a natural state in any sense of what that term suggests.
I may not have any actual authority, but at least I'm capable of grasping the basic point of the news story that you offered as proof of my lack of lucidity.
originally posted by: NorEaster
a reply to: smithjustinb
I don't care what words the article's writer used. The idiot obviously has no idea what a quantum computer is based on if he/she thinks that the concept has to do with superposition. It has to do with the instantaneous "communication" that exists between entangled quantum units (generally photons). I've done months of relentless research into the whole quantum computer effort, and tore apart research study after research study to unpack the press interpretations that have been sent all over the Internet from each major peer reviewed study and experiment concerning the application of quantum entanglement as an information processing platform, and there's never any correlation between the theoretical hypothesis of superposition and the nuts and bolts effort of trying to create a stable means of leveraging quantum entanglement as a faster-than-light information transmission protocol.
originally posted by: smithjustinb
originally posted by: NorEaster
a reply to: smithjustinb
I don't care what words the article's writer used. The idiot obviously has no idea what a quantum computer is based on if he/she thinks that the concept has to do with superposition. It has to do with the instantaneous "communication" that exists between entangled quantum units (generally photons). I've done months of relentless research into the whole quantum computer effort, and tore apart research study after research study to unpack the press interpretations that have been sent all over the Internet from each major peer reviewed study and experiment concerning the application of quantum entanglement as an information processing platform, and there's never any correlation between the theoretical hypothesis of superposition and the nuts and bolts effort of trying to create a stable means of leveraging quantum entanglement as a faster-than-light information transmission protocol.
You wasted a lot of time then. Qubits have everything to do with superposition. Qubits are bits that, unlike regular memory bits, can be held in a state of 1 and 0 simultaneously. That is the definition of superposition. And that's what qubits do. The benefit of being able to have a bit of information in a state of superposition (Both 1 and 0 at the same time), is that the processor can process multiple calculations simultaneously. Have you ever tried to run an antivirus check on your computer? It goes through one file, does a check for various things, then it goes on to the next file and does the same checks until it goes through ever file on your hard drive. With superposition (holding states of 1 and 0 simultaneously a.k.a. qubits), this tedious processing is eliminated. With superposition applied to computing, the processor can now run through the entire antivirus check of every file on a hard drive in the time that it would normally take (with today's computers) to do the check on one file.
The only thing entanglement is used for in quantum computing is being able to indirectly observe the state of a particle in superposition (of simultaneous 1 and 0) without collapsing that superposition into a defined 1 or 0.
curiosity.discovery.com...
computer.howstuffworks.com...
Qubits= SUPERPOSITION!= 1 and 0 at same time= super fast computing= Quantum computers= superposition equals quantum computers.
You shouldn't be so quick to call people, "idiot". Because after you get proven wrong and them right, its only fair to call yourself one. And the longer you deny the facts, and the longer it takes for you to feel the slap of truth in the face, the worse it gets.